The Color of Art Pigment Database: Pigment Red, PR

N/A

Cinnabar

Chinese Cinnabar;

Chinese red;

Cinnabar [GEN | KP.p | NP.p];

Cinnabar (Coarse) [NP.p];

Cinnabar dark [KP.p];

Cinnabar SHINSYA [KP.p];

Cinnabarite;

Cinnibar;

Cold Cinnabar (Coarse) [NP.p];

Llimpi Merkurblende;

Mercurblende;

Minium;

Natural Cinnabar [KP.p];

Natural Cinnabar Monte Amiata [KP.p];

Nium;

Pigment Red 106;

Quecksilbersulfidrot;

Sulfur Red Mercury;

Vermeil Zinnober;

Vermillion;

Vermilion [NP.ad.o,p];

Warm Cinnabar [NP.p]

N/A

Natural Mercuric Sulfide may have some impurities;

Making pigments: Vermillion at webexhibits.org;

Bright Scarlet to to red brown

1

I-II*

L

C

MSDS

* light fastness seems to be affected by sulfides, hydrothermal silica, preparation and impurities. (Mineral Reference);

According to the Pigment Compendium, 2008 Cinnabar based pigments only darken when they contain traces of chlorine or exposed to halogens. Also "blackening and fading in vermilion are always due to adulteration ‘by mixture with lake, carmine or by red or orange lead’."

(Ref Pigment Compendium p.383);

(Picture at mindat.org);

Natural mineral said to be more stable than synthetic vermilion (Natural Pigments Ref).

N/A

Cobalt Red

Cobalt Pink;

Cobalt Red;

Kobaltrot;

Rose De Cobalt

N/A

Cobalt Magnesium Oxide;

Magnesium cobalt oxide;

"This little-used pigment should consist of the oxides of magnesium and cobalt. It is prepared at a high temperature and is quite permanent." (Ref The Chemistry Of Paints And Painting", Church, 1915);

-

-

I

-

B

‘There are obtainable from cobalt by different processes rose and red colours of more or less beauty and intensity, but all vastly inferior to those of madder [q.v.], in whose absence alone they could gain a place on the palette. They are generally characterized by a fatal chalkiness, and poorness of hue. More expensive than the madder colours, and without their purity, depth, or transparency cobalt reds have often been offered as pigments, and as often declined.’ Salter (1869) (Ref Pigment Compendium, 2008, p.122);

N/A

Egyptian Red Gold

Egyptian Red Gold;

Gold-silver Sulfide;

Red Gold

N/A

Gold-silver Sulfide (AgAuS);

Deep bluish red

-

-

-

-

Reportedly found on a number of Egyptian artifacts. (Ref Pigment Compendium, 2008, p.177);

Egyptian Red Gold may be a corrosion product article at The Metropolitan Museum of Art's website (Ref)

N/A

Fuchsite (Red)

Red Fuchsite Genuine* [DS.w];

Muscovite

N/A

Red Fuchsite

Dull red

4

I

-

A

* more info on the Dan Smith PrimaTek™ artist paints and other minerals used for art pigments at the watercolor Handprint.com site.

N/A

Garnet

Almandine;

American Ruby**;

Bohemian Ruby**;

Carbuncle;

Garnet Genuine*** [DS.w];

Garnet Powder Red [KP.p];

Garnet Sakura-Nezumi [KP.p];

Garnet Sand Red;

Pyrope;

Red Garnet;

Rocky Mountain Ruby**

N/A

Garnet mineral;

CAS 1302-62-1

Light to deep blueish pink*

4

I

-

A

Rhodonite (see below) is a variety of Garnet;

* Garnets exist in all colors except blue;

** Not a real ruby;

(Pyrope Ref);

(Almandine Ref);

*** more info on the Dan Smith PrimaTek™ artist paints and other minerals used for art pigments at the watercolor Handprint.com site.

N/A

Granite

Granite;

Granite, Brown [KP.p];

Red Granite;

N/A

Quartz and mixed oxides (Ref)

light brown

-

I

-

A

(Ref)

N/A

Piemontite

Piedmontite;

Piemonite;

Piemontite;

Piemontite Genuine* [DS.w]

N/A

Aluminosilicates of Manganese (Ref)

Deep Scarlet

3

I

-

A

* more info on the Dan Smith PrimaTek™ artist paints and other minerals used for art pigments at the watercolor Handprint.com site.

N/A

Pipestone

Argillite;

Catlinite;

Minnesota Pipestone [DS.o.w];

Natural Pipestone;

Pink Pipestone;

Pink Pipestone (Catlinite) [NP.p];

Pipestone;

Sacred Red Stone

N/A

Pink clay stone consisting of Iron Oxide and Clay

Light Red or Pink

1-2

I

M

A

Was used by Native Americans to make sacred pipes.(Ref)

N/A

Pozzuolana Red Earth

Pozzuolana Red Earth [KP.p];

Terra Pozzuolana

N/A

Highly hydraulic volcanic pumice from Umbria, Italy

light bluish pink

-

I (NR)*

-

A

* Not rated by ASTM, My rating assumes this will have the same high light fastness of other earth reds. Would advise making your own tests.

N/A

Quinacridone pyrrolidone PR

Blood Red [OH.a];

Quinacridone pyrrolidone PR;

Quinacridone Red-Orange [LQ.a];

Permanent Alizarin Crimson [HO | WN.wo];

Permanent Carmine [WN.o.w.wp.];

Madder (hue);

Madder Red Dark (hue) [SCH,wd]

N/A

Quinacridone and pyrrolidone co-precipitated

Deep dark bluish red

†Dulls, Fades

4

II

-

A

MSDS

* Rated IV (poor) in watercolors by Handprint, more info on PR 9 when used in watercolors @ handprint.com

N/A

Realgar

Arsenic Rouge;

Burnt Orpiment;

Eolite;

Oropimente Quemado;

Realgar [GEN | NP.p];

Realgarite;

Red Arsenic;

Red Orpiment;

Rahj al ghar;

Rejalgar;

Risagallo;

Risigallum;

Ruby Sulfur;

Ruby Sulphur;

Sandaracha

N/A

Natural mineral or synthetic

Arsenic Sulfide; (Ref Boston Fine Arts)

Making pigments: Realgar at webexhibits.org;

Bright Orange Red

†hue shift towards yellow

1

III*

-

D

MSDS

MSDS

Said to be incompatible with lead or copper pigments (Ref Natural Pigments);

*exposure to sunlight may convert some pigment into Pararealgar, a yellow pigment (Ref mindat.org)

N/A

Red Coral

Corallium Japonicum;

Coral Pink [KP.p];

Dragon’s Blood**;

Japan coral;

Koikuchi-Sangomatu [KP.p];

Precious coral;

Red Coral [KP.p];

Sango Matsu;

Koikuti-Sango-Matsu

N/A

Mostly calcium carbonate. Composed of skeletons from colonies of soft-bodied marine animals of the class Cnidaria Anthozoa.;

"The warm pink tones associated with corals used for pigments are derived from the slow growing, red precious corals, Corallium japonicum and C. secundum" (Ref Pigment Compendium, 2008, p.137);

Light pink

1-4***

-

-

A

Red Coral (precious coral) is the most valuable; and makes a delicate pink pigment. Used mostly in Japan.

** (Ref) Raman spectroscopic analysis of dragon’s blood resins, Edwards, Oliveira, Prendergast, 2003

*** depends on binder, probably too transparent in oil to be useful.

N/A

Red Jasper

Brecciated Jasper;

Brown Egyptian Jasper;

Radiolarian Rock;

Red African Jasper;

Red Jasper [KP.p];

N/A

Amorphous quartz, colored red by iron (III) (Pigment Ref);

Impure Silica The Red coming mostly from Iron Oxides (Mineral Ref mindat.org ); (wikipedia Ref)

Deep red

4

I

-

A

MSDS

(Ref: Taylor, Jennifer L.; Development of an infrared spectral library of pigments used in ancient art c1994)

N/A

Red Powdered Colored Glass

Benishinsya Red [KP.p];

Iwa-enogu;

Iwaenogu;

IWA-Enogu® [KP.p];

Iwaaka Carnation Red [KP.p];

Iwabeni Scarlet [KP.p];

Iwahi Red [KP.p];

Iwamomo, pink [KP.p];

Iwashikou Crimson [KP.p];

Kibeni Orange [KP.p];

Shinsia, blackberry [KP.p]

N/A

Synthetic Iwa-enogu made of ground glass; Sodium aluminium silicate glass colored with metal oxides

Orange to deep red

-

I

-

A

-

N/A

Red Porphyry

Augit Porphyry Crimson Red [KA.p];

Augit Porphyry Light Violet [KA.p];

Augite Porphyry;

Porfido Rosso;

Porfido Rosso Antico;

Red Porphyry

"The English form of the Latin word porphyrites, used by the Romans to designate a certain rock having a dark-crimson ground through which are scattered small crystals of feldspar. In Pliny's time this rock, quarried in Egypt, was used extensively for architectural and ornamental purposes, and especially for the base or lower part of busts To the Italians it became known as porfido rosso anlico. Other rocks having a similar structure, commonly called porphyritic, were used in Italy, and designated, in accordance with the predominating color, as porfido nero, porfido verde, etc. (Reference from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia; Whitney, Smith, 191. pg.4628);

Deep red to violet also in green

-

I

-

A

porphyrization: The process of grinding a substance with a muller on a slab of porphyry or other hard stone. It is much used in the preparation of colors. (Reference from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia; Whitney, Smith, c1911. pg.4628);

N/A

Rhodonite

Fowlerite;

Rhodonite;

Rhodonite Genuine* [DS.o.w]

N/A

Mineral Rhodonite; Crystalline manganese inosilicate

Brilliant rose pink to brownish grey

4

I

-

A

Semi precious stone sometimes used as a jewel;

(Ref mindat.org and Pic);

(Lots of Pics)

Rhodonite is the official gem of Commonwealth of Massachusetts;

* more info on the Dan Smith PrimaTek™ artist paints and other minerals used for art pigments at the watercolor Handprint.com site;

N/A

Sedona

Red Ochre;

Sedona Genuine [DS.o.w]

N/A

Natural Red Ochre

Violet red brown

1

I

-

A

* more info on the Dan Smith PrimaTek™ artist paints and other minerals used for art pigments at the watercolor Handprint.com site

NR1

Sophoretin

C.I. Natural Red 1;

Meletin;

Natural Red 1;

Sophoretin

-

Laked extract of Toon or Indian mahogany tree berries;

CAS 117-39-5

-

-

-

-

A

NR2

Monascus Red

C.I. Natural Red 12;

Monascus Red;

Natural Red 2

-

Monascus (red fermented rice);

Monascus purpureus fungus

Dark orange red to purple

4

III

-

A

-

NR3

Kermes

Alkermes;

C.I. Natural Red 3;

Crimson;

Grana;

Grain Lake;

Hysginum;

Kermen;

Kermen vermilio;

Kermes;

Kermes Lake;

Kermesic acid;

Natural Red 3;

Scarlet;

Venetian scarlet;

Vermiculum

75460

Kermesic acid;

Laked extract from the bodies of the insect Kermes ilices (also known as Coccus ilicis). It is chemically very similar to carmine (NR3);

CAS 476-35-7

Yellow red;

†Fades

4

-

-

A

Mentioned in the Bible book of Genesis (38:28) as scarlet or crimson (Ref)

NR4

Cochineal

Burnt Carmine;

Carmine [WNd];

Carmine Extra-Fine Genuine [SE];

Carmine (genuine) [SE.w];

Carmine Lake;

Carmine Naccarat [KP.p];

C.I. Natural Red 4;

Cocciniglia;

Coccus Cacti Extract;

Cochinilla;

Cochenille [KP.p];

Cochineal [NP.p];

Cochineal Extract;

Cochineal Tincture;

Cochineal Lake;

Crimson Lake;

Florentine Lake;

Grana;

Grana Cochinilla;

Hamburgh Lake;

Indian Purple;

Natural Red 4;

Parisian Lake;

Sanred 1;

Venetian Lake;

Viennese Lake;

Zacatillo

75470

Laked extract from dried bodies of the female cochineal insect (Coccus cacti);

Color mostly from carminic acid, kermes acid and laccainic acid D.;

How Carmine is made at webexhibits.org

Cochineal: CAS 1343-78-8

Carmine: CAS 1390-65-4

Carminic Acid: CAS 1260-17-9

Dark deep to mid red;

Heavily staining w/ good tinting strength

† Fades

Color varies depending on the base metal the dye is fixed on.

4

V (ASTM WC)**

-

A

May be effected by very basic or very acidic  conditions (Ref. Natural Pigments)

Indian purple is carmine precipitated on a copper base (Ref. Natural Pigments);

** ASTM rated V (very poor) in watercolors, rated the same, at handprint. see NR-4 by Bruce MacEvoy @ handprint.com

NR6

Chayroot

Alizarin;

Chayroot;

C.I. Natural Red 6;

Madder;

Natural Red 6

-

Root of Hedyotis Umbellata;

alizarin:

CAS 72-48-0;

Rubierythric Acid:

CAS 152-84-1

Deep bluish red

-

III (NR)

-

A

-

NR8

Alizarin Crimson

Aal;

Alizarin Carmine;

Alizarin Crimson;

Alizarin Purple;

Alizarin Purpurin;

Alizarin Red;

Anthraquinone Purple;

C.I. Natural Red 8;

Krapplack;

Laque de Garance;

Natural Red 8;

Natural Rose Madder;

Madder Lake [KP.p];

Madder Lake, Brown [KP.p];

Madder Lake, Carmesine Red [KP.p];

Madder Lake, dark red [KP.p];

Madder Lake, Hazelnut [KP.p];

Madder Lake HOFF [KP.p];

Madder Lake, Orange [KP.p];

Madder Lake Perego, dark [KP.p];

Madder Lake Perego, pale [KP.p];

Madder Lake, Salmon [KP.p];

Madder Lake, violet [KP.p];

Madder Lake, violet-brown [KP.p];

Natural Red 8;

Turkey Madder;

Compare NR9 and PR83

58205

75330

75410

75340

Rubia tinctorium;

Garancine (Pigment Ref);

Anthraquinone Lake;

Making pigments: Madder Lake at webexhibits.org

alizarin:

CAS 72-48-0;

rubiadin:

CAS 117-02-2;

purpuroxanthin-carboxylic acid:

CAS 478-06-8;

xanthopurpurin:

CAS 518-83-2

purpurin:

CAS 81-54-9

pseudopurpurin:

CAS 476-41-5

Deep violet to bluish red to cardinal red to reddish orange*

4

III (NR)

-

A

* Color depends on method of manufacture and the metal salt the madder is fixed on. Tin salts giving more yellowish shades.

NR9

Madder Lake

Alizarin;

Alizarin Crimson;

Alizarin Red;

Alizarine;

Adrianople Red;

Alsatian madder;

Avignon madder;

C.I. Natural Red 9;

Cory’s Brown Madder;

Cory’s Yellow Madder;

Dutch madder;

Dyer's Root;

Extra Purple Madder [WNd];

Field’s Purple;

Garancia;

Garancine;

Garanza;

Granzuolli;

Krapp;

Krapplack;

Lacca di Robbia;

Laca de Rubia;

Lake of Natural Madder;

Laque de Garance;

Levant Red;

Madder Carmine;

Madder Lake [KP.p];

Madder Lake, yellowish [KP.p];

Madder Orange;

Madder Purple;

Madder Root [NP.p];

Madder Yellow;

Natural Madder;

Natural Red 9;

Orange Lake;

Orange Madder;

Pink Madder;

Purpurin;

Purple Rubiate;

Rose Doré [WN.o];

Rose Madder [BR];

Rose Madder Deep [WNd];

Rose Madder Genuine [DS.w | WN.o.w.wp.wp(L)];

Rubia Tinctorum;

Ruben’s Madder;

Steiner lake;

Turkey Red;

Turkey Red Madder;

Warantia,

Waranciam;

Warencia;

Waranz;

Compare NR8 and PR83

75330; 75420

Lake of the extract from Madder roots (Rubia tinctorium), usually precipitated on aluminium hydrate or Tin;

(Madder Ref at Boston Fine Arts);

Alizarin (1;2-dihydroxy anthraquinone);

Purpurin (1;2;4-trihydroxy anthraquinone):

Making pigments: Madder Lake at webexhibits.org

CAS 71538-26-6;

alizarin:

CAS 72-48-0;

pseudopurpurin:

CAS 476-41-5

Deep blueish pink red to yellowish red*

Weak tinting strength

† Fades, Dulls, Hue shift towards blueish or yellowish

4

II** (ASTM oils, NR for acryl. 2003)

IV (ASTM WC)

80

A

* color depends on method of manufacture and the metal salt the madder is fixed on, see PR-83.

** Rated very good in oils by the ASTM. That seems a little too good even in oil, as most artists' agree that the pigment is fugitive and the natural pigment is said to have even lower light fastness than synthetic Alizarin Crimson, which would make it very fugitive indeed. ...It has held up in some old manuscripts & paintings, though.

ASTM rated IV (poor) in watercolors, rated the same, at handprint. see NR-9 by Bruce MacEvoy @ handprint.com

NR10

Alizarin

Alizarin;

C.I. Natural Red 10;

Madder;

Natural Red 10

75330

alizarin:

CAS 72-48-0;

Rubierythric Acid:

CAS 152-84-1

Deep bluish red

4

III

-

A

-

NR11

Alizarin

Alizarin;

C.I. Natural Red 11;

Madder;

Natural Red 11

75330

alizarin:

CAS 72-48-0;

Rubierythric Acid:

CAS 152-84-1

Deep bluish red

4

III

-

A

-

NR12

Alizarin

Alizarin;

C.I. Natural Red 12;

Madder;

Natural Red 12

75330

alizarin:

CAS 72-48-0;

Rubierythric Acid:

CAS 152-84-1

Deep bluish red

4

III

-

A

-

NR16

Alizarin Purple

Alizarin Purple;

Alizarin Violet;

Anthraquinone Lake 75410;

Anthraquinone Purple;

C.I. Natural Red 16;

Natural Red 16;

Purpurin;

purpurine

58205

75410

Purpurin and Purpuroxanthin;

Rubia tinctorium;

(Ref at Boston Fine Arts);

xanthopurpurin:

CAS 518-83-2;

rubiadin:

CAS 117-02-2;

purpuroxanthin-carboxylic acid:

CAS 478-06-8;

purpurin:

CAS 81-54-9

Deep bluish/ violet red

4

IV

-

A

-

NR20

Alkanet

Alcanna Tinctoria;

Aldanet;

Alkanna alkannan;

Alkanet Root [GEN | KA | NP.p];

Alkannin;

Anchusin;

Bugloss;

C.I. Natural Red 20;

Dyer's Alkanet;

Dyer's Bugloss (Alcanna tinctoria);

Natural Red 20;

Red;

Orchanet Root;

Orkane;

Spanish Bugloss;

Violet Carmine (hue);

75520;

75530

A natural red dye obtained from the roots of two species of plants, the false alkanet plant, Anchusa officinalis (and A. tinctoria) and the true alkanet plant, Lawsonia alba. (Ref at Boston Fine Arts);

alkannan:

CAS 517-90-8

alkannin:

CAS 23444-65-7

CAS 85251-58-7

Dark purple red-brown

4

IV

-

A

(Ref Natural Pigments)

NR22

Santalin

C.I. Natural Red 22;

Natural Red 22;

Red Saunders Dye;

Red Sanders Dye;

Sandalwood, powder [KP.p];

Sandalwood Red;

Sandal Wood Shavings [KA]

75510

Isosantalin;

Santalin-A, santalin-B (Deoxysantalin); Extracted from the heartwood of Indian Red Sanders tree (Pterocarpus Santalinus)

deoxysantalin:

CAS 6771-96-6

Reddish violet

4

IV

-

A

MSDS

-

NR23

Rheumine

C.I. Natural Red 23;

Natural Red 23;

Rhubarb root

75510

1;8-Dihydroxy-3-

methylanthra

quinone;

deoxysantalin:

CAS 6771-96-6

Dull dark purple red

4

IV

-

A

-

NR24

Brazilin

Brazil;

Brazilin;

Brazilwood;

Brazilwood Sawdust [NP.p];

Brazil Wood Shavings [KA.p];

C.I. Natural Red 24;

Lignum Fernambuci;

Natural Red 24;

Pernambuco;

Sappanwood

75280

Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata) Red Dye Lake;

Brazilin (leuco form);

Brazilein (oxidized form);

(Ref)

Preparation of Lake Pigment here at Natural Pigments;

Purplish to orange red

4

IV

-

A

MSDS

Natural Red 24
Video on Periodic Videos YouTube Channel

NR25

Lac Lake

Bengal Lac;

Cake Lac;

Caked Lac;

C.I. Natural Red 25;

Gomme Laque;

Grained Lac;

Gum Lac;

Gummilack;

Indian Lake;

Kadi lakh;

Lac Dye [KP.p | NP.p];

Lac;

Laca;

Lacca;

Lac Lake;

Lakka;

Lic-Lac;

Natural Lacaic Acid;

Natural Red 25;

Seed-lac;

Rangbatti

75450

Extracted from shellac resin excreted by the lac insect, Laccifer Llacca or Coccus lacca; Natural laccaic acid; Lac Dye precipitated with Aluminium Hydroxide;

CAS 476-41-5

Dark dull red

4

III

-

A

-

NR26

Carthamus Red

Carthamus Red;

Carthame;

Carthamic Acid

Carthamin;

C.I. Natural Red 26;

False Saffron;

Natural Red 26;

Safflower Red;

-

Carthamic Acid; Extract obtained from the flowers of safflower Carthamus tinctoria

-

4

IV

-

A

-

NR28

Archil

Archil;

C.I. Natural Red 28;

Citrus Red 2;

Cudbear;

French Purple;

Lacmus;

Litmus;

Natural Red 28;

Orcein;

Orchil;

Red Indigo

758600

Dye extracted from several species of lichen Rocella tinctoria also called orchella weeds; Now made from orcinol by hydrogen peroxide oxidation; (Ref);

CAS 1400-62-0

Reddish brown to Purple

4

IV

-

A

Acidic or basic environment changes color, used to make litmus paper.

NR31

Dragon's Blood

C.I. Natural Red 31;

Dragon's Blood;

Dragon's Blood IYDAHA [KP.p];

Dragon's Blood, powder [KP.p];

Natural Red 31;

Palm Dragon’s Blood;

Sanguis Draconis;

Socotra Dragon’s Blood

75200

75210

Laked Resinous extraction the Rattan palm tree, Daemonorps

Draco;

Raman spectroscopy
(Ref Spectrochimica Acta);
(Ref: Raman spectroscopic analysis of dragon’s blood resins, Edwards, Oliveira, Prendergast, c 2003)

Dracaena Cinnabari;

Draccorubin (CI 75200) and Dracorhodin (CI 75210)

Pink, deep red brown or orange red;

†Fades and dulls, hue shift towards brown

4

IV

-

A

MSDS

-

PR1

Pigment Red 1

C.I. Pigment Red 1;

Para Red

Para Red Extra Light;

Pigment Red B;

Pigment Red 1;

Pigment Red 1 Dark;

Pigment Red 1 light

12070

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 6410-10-2

Light & Dark warm red

-

III

-

A*

MSDS

Not used in artists paints because of bleeding (Ref CAMEO)

* Ingestion can cause cyanosis. Inhalation may cause irritation.

Suspected carcinogen and mutagen.

PR2

Naphthol Red G

C.I. Pigment Red 2;

Fast Red F2R;

Flame Red [DR.g];

Heuco Red;

Naphthol Red;

Naphthol Red FRR;

Naphthol Red Light;

Pigment Red 2

12310

Synthetic Organic Monoazo;

Azomethine

CAS 6041-94-7

Yellowish red (tint pink); Blueish Red*

-

II

45-81

A

MSDS

*Blue and Yellow shades

PR3

Toluidine Red

Barn Red;

Blockx Red [BXd];

Bright Red [CL];

Cadmium Red Purple Light Substitute [SE.p];

Chinese Red

Vermilion Hue;

Chinese Vermilion Substitute [SE.p];

C.I. Pigment Red 3;

Cinnabar Red [EP.p];

Cinnabar Red Deep (hue) [LK];

Eljon Red;

Eljon Scarlet;

Geranium Lake [MR.o];

Hansa Red;

Hansa Scarlet RNC;

Harrison Red;

Helio Red;

Helio Fast Red;

Helios Red [SE.p];

Imitation Vermilion;

Kenalake Scarlet;

Lithol Red;

Madder Lake (hue) [PF.w];

Monoazo Red;

Naphthol Red;

Permanent Intense Red [SE.t];

Pigment Red 3;

Poster Red [AS];

Scarlet;

Scarlet Lake [DRd];

Solintor Scarlet;

Spectrum Red;

Studio Red, Helio [KP.p];

Sunbrite Red;

Toluidine Red BS;

Vermilion Hue;

Winsor Red [WNd];

12120

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Beta Naphthol Toluidine;

CAS 2425-85-6

Dark yellow to blue shade red;

comes in Blue and Yellow shades

Staining

†Fades

2

II-III-IV? (NR)**

BWS
6-7; 4; 3
(Sun Chemical)

BWS
7;3
(Lansco)

40

A

MSDS

Used mainly in printing inks and student or low cost paints.
May require wetting agent to disperse pigment in binder;

** Not rated by the ASTM. MIR gives their "Geranium Lake" in oils a rating of 'good'. BWS seem to indicate OK light fastness in masstone, but falls off steeply in tints.
Rated fair to poor in watercolors at handprint. More info on PR 3 when used in watercolors @ handprint.com

Not recommended for permanent art work.

PR4

Permanent Red R

Aniline Red;

Brilliant Red [DR.g | MA.a];

Blazing Red;

Cadmium Red Light Substitute [SE.p];

Chinese Red Vermilion Hue;

Chlorinated Para Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 4;

Cinnabar Red Light (hue) [LK];

D&C Red No 36 308260;

FAST RED R;

Fire Red [CL];

Flaming Red;

French Vermilion Red (hue) [SE.os];

French Vermilion (hue) [SE.os];

Hansa Red R;

Magenta;

Permanent Red R;

Pigment Red 4;

Red Orange;

Signal Red;

Tangerine [DR.g];

Vermilion (hue) [MR.o | SCH | SE.t];

Vermilion Red (hue);

12085

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Beta naphthol;

Chlorinated para-nitroaniline;

Chlor-Ortho-Nitraniline;

Aniline Red; (Ref at Boston Fine Arts CAMEO);

CAS 2814-77-9

Bright Yellowish Red, Reddish orange

1

II-III*

30

A

MSDS

The classic lipstick Red;

* not recommended for permanent art work.

PR5

Naphthol Red DK

Carmine (hue) [DR | HO.g];

Carmine Red (hue) [PF];

C.I. Pigment Red 5;

Crimson [DR];

Fast Carmine FB;

Magenta [PF.o];

Naphthol Carmine FB;

Naphthol Crimson [DR.a];

Naphthol ITR;

Naphthol Red [DR.a];

Naphthol Red DK;

Naphthol Red Medium [GO.a.ab.af.ao];

Permanent Carmine [PF.w];

Permanent Carmine FB;

Pigment Red 5

12490

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Naphthol;

CAS 6410-41-9

Bright Light Blueish Red

3

II (ASTM oils, NR in acryl. or WC)*

BWS
7;5-6;4-5
(guerra paint)

40

A

Usually only used in Inks or student, and cheap mass market paints.

* I would avoid this pigment for permanent art, as there are many other modern reds in this color space that perform excellently.

PR6

Permanent Red Y

C.I. Pigment Red 6;

Parachlor Red;

Permanent Red Y;

Pigment Red 6;

Sunglow Red

12090

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 6410-13-5

Bright yellowish red

-

-

-

A

-

PR7

Naphthol Crimson Red AS-TR

Alizarine Red [GU];

Brilliant Alizarine (hue);

C.I. Pigment Red 7;

Naphthol Red AS-TR;

Permanent Carmine;

Permanent Crimson;

Pigment Red 7;

Purple Madder (hue) [RGH.o]

12420

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Naphthol AS;

Bright Blue Red

3

II

BWS
7-8;6-7;6
(guerra paint)

40

A

PR8

Permanent Red F4R

C.I. Pigment Red 8;

FAST RED F4R;

Naphthol Red;

Pigment Red 8

12335

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Naphthol;

CAS 6410-30-6

Yellowish red, bluish pink undertone

2

III

50

A

-

PR9

Naphthol AS Red

Brilliant Red [MA.a];

Brilliant Red Light;

Cadmium Red Hue [DR.w];

Cadmium Red Imitation;

Cadmium Scarlet Hue [CR.a];

C.I. Pigment Red 9;

Flame Red [HO.a.g];

Hostafine Red FRLL;

London Red [WNd];

Naphthol AS-OL;

Naphthol Red FRLL;

Naphthol Red Deep;

Naphthol Red Light [BA.a | CR.ao.o | LQ.a];

Naphthol Scarlet [GB.o.o];

Permanent Red [LA.a | MA.p];

Permanent Red Deep [LKd];

Permanent Red FRLL [KP.p];

Permanent Scarlet;

Pigment Red 9;

Poppy Red [AS];

Red Vermilion (hue) [LB.av];

Scarlet [HO.ag];

Ton Rouge de Cadmium Clair [LB.o];

Vermillion (hue) [LK];

Vermilion Hue [DR.a.a(s3hb).a(s3mb) | WN.a.a];

Vermillion Deep (hue) [LK];

Vermilion light (hue) [LK];

Vermilion Red Deep (hue)

12460

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Naphthol;

Pigment Chemical Composition @ PubChem Chemical Database

LBNL Pigment Database Spectral radiative properties can be found here: Naphthol Red Light @ Cool Colors

CAS 6410-38-4

EC 229-104-6

Bright Yellowish Red, blue/pink undertone;

†Fades

3

I (ASTM Acry.)

II (ASTM oil)

III* (ASTM "fair" in WC)

BWS
7;6;5-6
(Kremer)

BWS
7;6-7;6
(Chroma Archival)

BWS
6
(Epsilon)

40-56

A

MSDS

* Rated IV (poor) in watercolors by Handprint, more info on PR 9 when used in watercolors @ handprint.com
Naphthol AS-OL rated 'I' (excellent) for light fastness on Cool Colors (color #294) Technical Reference [PDF];

Although PR-9 is usually not rated with high lightfastness, it's very poor lightfast rating in watercolor may be due to the exact pigment manufacturing method and/or impurities, extenders & additives in the final paint formulation. BWS scales for the pigment itself seem fairly good.

Lightfastness is lower in tints.

Lightfastness seems to be better in oil paints & Acrylics, and, according to Chroma, very good in their Archival Oils line.

PR12

Permanent Bordeaux TRR

Bordeaux [AS | MA.a];

Bordeaux Red [KP.pd];

Cadmium Red Hue [WNd];

Carmin [LB.o];

C.I. Pigment Red 12;

Permanent Red TRR;

Rubine;

Pigment Red 12;

Studio Bordeaux [KP.p]

12385

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Naphthol;

CAS 6410-32-8

Bluish red

-

II

40

A

-

PR13

Toluidine Maroon

C.I. Pigment Red 13;

Pigment Red 13;

Toluidine Red RN;

Toluidine Maroon

12395

Toluidine;

CAS 6535-47-3

Dark red

3

II

40

A

-

PR14

Permanent Bordeaux FGR

Bordeaux Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 14;

Crimson;

Helio Fast Bordeaux BR;

Naphthol Red FGR;

Pigment Bordeaux FGR;

Pigment Red 14

12380

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 6471-50-7

Bluish red

-

II (ASTM in oil & Acry., NR for WC)

M-H

A

Used mostly for Inks & paper coloring.

PR15

Permanent Maroon Medium

C.I. Pigment Red 15;

Permanent Maroon Medium;

Pigment Red 15

12465

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 6410-39-5

Dull bluish red

-

II

-

A

-

PR17

Pigment Red 17

Cadmium Red Deep Hue [LQ.ad];

C.I. Pigment Red 17;

Naphthol Red;

Pigment Red 17;

Poppy Red;

Scarlet

12390

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo, Naphthol;

CAS 6655-84-1

Bright red

-

III

-

A

-

PR19

Arylide Maroon

Arylide Maroon Dark;

C.I. Pigment Red 19;

Pigment Red 19

-

Synthetic Organic;

Azomethine

Maroon

-

-

-

-

obsolete

PR21

Pigment Red 21

Cadmium Red Light Hue [LQ.ad];

C.I. Pigment Red 21;

FAST RED 2R;

Permanent Red FR;

Pigment Red 21

12300

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 6410-26-0

Bright yellowish red

1

II

40

A

-

PR22

Naphthol Red Bright

Art Red;

Brilliant Red-B;

C.I. Pigment Red 22;

Devil's Red;

FAST SCARLET N;

Naphthol Red Bright;

Naphthol Red Light;

Naphthol Red Light Shade;

Opaque Scarlet [HO.af.];

Pigment Red 22;

Scarlet [HO.af.];

Solfast scarlet

12315

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 6448-95-9

bright blueish shade red

1

III (NR)

BWS
5;4
(Lansco)

45

A

MSDS

-

PR23

Naphthol Red Dark

Carmine (hue) [RT.a];

Carmine Hue;

C.I. Pigment Red 23;

Crimson Lake [HO.w];

Fast Rose Red;

Jewel Red;

Madder Lake (hue) [RTd];

Naphthol Carmine;

Naphthol Red Dark;

Naphthol AS;

Permanent Red;

Pigment Red 23;

Solfast scarlet dark

12355

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 6471-49-4

Dark dull deep red

3

III-IV* (unrated)

45

A

Used mostly in student grade paints or inks.

* Rated with IV (poor) lightfastness by Handprint, More info on PR 23 when used in watercolors @ handprint.com

PR31

Naphthol Red Extra Dark

C.I. Pigment Red 31;

Naphthol Red 31;

Naphthol Red Extra Dark;

Magenta [HO.af];

Opaque Magenta [HO.af];

Pigment Red 31;

Red Violet;

Vulcan Fast Bordeaux BF

12360

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 6448-96-0

Bluish red

1

I-II-III?*

45

A

Same as PR 212? (Ref);

* conflicting info

PR32

Pigment Red 32

C.I. Pigment Red 32;

Pigment Red 32;

Vulcan Fast Rubine RF

12320

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 6410-29-3

Bluish red

-

II

40

A

-

PR38

Pyrazolone Red

C.I. Pigment Red 38;

Pyrazolone Red [WL.od];

Permanent Red Deep [WL.od];

Pyrazolone Red Scarlet [WL.od];

Pigment Red 38;

Sunbrite Red

21120

Synthetic Organic;

Disazo;

Chemical Composition for Pigment Red 38 can be found @ PubChem Chemical Database

CAS 6358-87-8

EC 228-788-3

Bluish to yellowish red

2

II-IV (NR)*

BWS
6; 4-5
(Lansco)

BWS (Plastics)
3 (full shade)
(Sun)

BWS
6-7 (full shade)
(Epsilon)

50

A**

Used mostly in plastics.

* Not rated by the ASTM. Rating of II from an old tube of Williamsburg oil paint. Williamsburg has since discontinued useing this pigment.

BWS in plastics at full shade by Sun Chemical seems to indicate a fugitive color. Lansco & Epsilon BWS indicate fair light fastness.

There seems to be a wide range of light fastness in this pigment, possibly due to the base medium or manufacturing method, but is safe to say that this pigment is not highly light fast.

** FDA approved for toys & plastics

PR39

Arsenic Sulphide

Arsenic Rouge;

Arsenic Sulfide;

Arsenic Sulphide;

C.I. Pigment Red 39;

Eolite;

Pigment Red 39;

Realgar [GEN | NP.p];

Realgarite;

Red Arsenic;

Red Arsenic Sulphide;

Red Orpiment;

Rahj al ghar;

Rejalgar;

Risagallo;

Risigallum;

Ruby Arsenic;

Ruby Sulfur;

Ruby Sulphur;

Sandaracha

-

Inorganic;

Natural mineral or synthetic

Arsenic Sulfide;

Making pigments: Realgar at webexhibits.org;

CAS 1303-32-8

Bright Orange Red

† hue shift towards yellow *

1

III (NR)*

-

D**

MSDS

Said to be incompatible with lead or copper pigments (Ref Natural Pigments);

* Not rated by the ASTM. Exposure to sunlight may convert some pigment into Pararealgar, a yellow pigment (Ref Mineral from mindat.org)

** Any paint or pigment with Arsenic would require a PROP 65 warning label.

Arsenic is a poison, but of coarse you knew that...

DO NOT INGEST

AVOID DUST & SPRAY

AVOID CONTACT WITH SKIN & CLOTHING

PR47

Pigment Red 47

C.I. Pigment Red 47;

Fast Orange FR;

Pigment Red 47

-

Organic

Bright yellowish red

-

-

-

-

-

PR48

Permanent Red BB

Beta oxynaphtholic acid scarlet;

Cadmium Red Hue [HO.o];

C.I. Pigment Red 48;

Pigment Red 48;

Scarlet Lake [HO.w | SH.w];

Watching Red

15865

Synthetic organic;

Monoazo;

Beta OxyNaphtholic Acid lake;

CAS 3564-21-4;

CAS 16013-44-8

Light yellowish scarlet red;

Staining

†Fades, hue shift to bluer

3

IV* (NR)

45

A

* Lightfastness rated IV (poor) on handprint. More info on PR 48 when used in watercolors @ handprint.com

PR48:1

Permanent Red BB [FIAT]

C.I. Pigment Red 48:1;

Citation Red Light Barium;

FAST SCARLET BBN;

Omnicryl Barium Red;

Permanent Red BB [FIAT];

Pigment Red 48:1

Red 2B Yellow Shade

15865:1

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Monoazo BONA lake of Barium;

Beta OxyNaphtholic Acid dye on a Barium base;

CAS 7585-41-3

Bright yellowish red

3

IV* (NR)

BWS
3-4;3
(Lansco)

38-45

A

MSDS

* even less lightfast than PR-48

PR48:2

Permanent Red BB

BRILLIANT RED BBC;

Cadmium Red Purple Hue;

C.I. Pigment Red 48:2;

IRGALITE(R) Red;

Lithol Scarlet;

MONO AZO BASALT;

Permanent Red 2BCL;

Permanent Red BB [FIAT];

Pigment Red 48:2;

Red 2B Blue Shade

15865:2

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Monoazo BONA lake of Calcium

Beta OxyNaphtholic Acid dye on a Calcium base;

CAS 7023-61-2

Yellower to bluer than PR 48:1

3

IV (NR)

45-91

A

MSDS

-

PR48:3

Irgalite Red 2BY

2B-acid-Sr;

Bona Lake Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 48:3;

Geranium;

Heuco Red;

Irgalite Red 2BY;

Permanent Red I [HO];

Pigment Red 48:3;

Rose Malmaison;

Scarlet Lake Deep [MH]

15865:3

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Beta OxyNaphtholic Acid Strontium Salt;

Monoazo BONA lake of Strontium;

CAS 15782-05-5

Bright Magenta shade

4

III

45

A

-

PR48:4

Permanent Red 2B

Bona Lake Red;

Bonithol Red;

Carmine (hue) [CH | MA];

C.I. Pigment Red 48:4;

Crimson [CR.ao.o];

Mauve [MA];

Permanent Alizarin [BA.w];

Permanent Red [CR.o]

Permanent Red 2B;

Pigment Red 48:4

15865:4

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Monoazo BONA lake of Manganese;

Beta OxyNaphtholic Acid dye on a Manganese base;

CAS 5208-66-0

Mid-shade red

1

II* (NR)

BWS
7-8; 6-7; 6
(Chroma)

BWS
7-8; 5-6; 5
(Sun Chemical)

45-63

A

* The PR48:4 form of PR48 seems to be more light fast than other forms of this pigment.

" Pigment PR48:4 is considered more  lightfast and durable than other PR48 salts" (Ref. Blick Art Materials)

Chroma Archival Oil Paint and some pigment manufacturers rate this with very good in masstone to fair light fastness in tints.

PR49

Lithol Red LN

C.I. Pigment Red 49;

Lithol Red;

Pigment Red 49

15630

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 1248-18-6

Yellowish red

-

-

-

A

-

PR49:1

Barium Lithol Red

Barium Lithol Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 49:1

LITHOL RED R;

Pigment Red 49:1;

Rose [MA];

Suthol Red

15630:1

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 1103-38-4

Red with blue undertone

-

III

40

A

MSDS

-

PR49:2

Calcium Lithol Red

Calcium Lithol Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 49:2;

LITHOL DARK RED;

Pigment Red 49:2

15630:2

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 1103-39-5

Bright bluish red

-

IV

45

BWS
4-5, 2, 2
(Sun Chemical)

A

MSDS

-

PR52:1

Pigment Red 52.1

BON Rubine;

BON Rubine, non-resinated;

BON Rubine Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 52:1;

Pigment Red 51:1

15860:1

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 17852-99-

Bright red

-

III

50

A

MSDS

-

PR52:2

Pigment Red 52.2

Bordeaux;

C.I. Pigment Red 52:2;

Lithol Scarlet Red 302;

Pigment Red 52:2;

Rose Maroon

15860:2

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 12238-31-2

Bordeaux

-

III

40

A

-

PR53

Lake Red C

Astro Orange;

Bronze Red;

Bronze Scarlet;

C.I. Pigment Red 53;

D&C Red No 9;

Desert Red;

Eljon lake red;

Lake Red C;

Pigment Red 53;

Pigment Red Lack C

15585

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Beta Naphthol;

1-(4-Chloro-o-sulfo-5-tolylazo)-2-naphthol;

CAS 5160-02-1

CAS 2092-56-0

Bright reddish orange-

-

III

42

B*

ICSC

* Requires a PROP 65 label in CA., US, possible carcinogen. (Ref CA. OEHHA)

PR53:1

Pigment Lake Red C

3110 Bronze Red

Barium Lake;

Bronze Scarlet;

C.I. Pigment Red 53:1

Lake Red;

Pigment Red 53:1;

Red Lake C;

Red Toner C

15585:1

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Barium Base (Chembook Ref);

CAS 5160-2-1

Bight yellowish red

-

IV

45

A-B*

MSDS

ICSC

* See MSDS for slight hazard information.

PR 57

Sodium Lithol Rubine

C.I. Pigment Red 57;

D&C Red No. 6;

Lithol Rubine;

Pigment Red 57

15850

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Lithol on Sodium base;

CAS 5858-81-1

Bluish red

3

III

50-55

A

-

PR57:1

Lithol Rubine

C.I. Pigment Red 57:1;

D&C Red No 7 Calcium Lake;

Lithol Rubine;

Pigment Red 57:1;

Primary Red - Magenta [MA];

Process Magenta;

Pyroline Ruby Red [RGH.o.p];

Red Devil [MA.o(HD)];

RUBINE BK;

15850:1

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Lithol on Calcium base;

C₁₈H₁₂N₂O₆, calcium salt

CAS 5281-4-9

Magenta; Mid-red violet undertone

3

III

45

A*

MSDS

Used in food, drugs, and cosmetics. Often used in pink lipstick . Lithol Rubine can be used in art materials intended for children (Ref: Blick Art pigment info)

PR57:2

Pigment Red 57:2

C.I. Pigment Red 57:2;

D&C Red No.6 Lake;

Pigment Red 52:2;

Ruby

15850:2

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 17852-98-1

Bluish red

3

III

-

A

often used in lipstick

PR58:4

Pigment Red 58:4

Bordeaux;

C.I. Pigment Red 58:4;

Crimson;

Maroon;

Pigment Red 56:4;

Rubine Toner M

15825:4

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

CAS 52233-00-8

Bluish red

3

-

-

A

-

PR60

Permanent Rose

Acid Scarlet;

Beacon Red;

Carmine 3B;

C.I. Pigment Red 60;

Geranium ( Primary ) [HO.g];

Lighthouse Chrome Red B;

Permanent Rose [HO.w | SH.wd];

Pigment Red 60;

Pigment Scarlet;

Superchrome Red B;

16105

Synthetic Organic;

Mordant red 9 co-precipitated on Alum hydroxide base with barium chloride;

CAS 1836-22-2

Bluish Red Magenta;

lightly staining w/ adverage tiniting strength

3

IV (NR)*

-

A

May be found in very cheap watercolor sets, was used in ink for ink-jets printers, however it's probably not used for that anymore as similar and more light fast pigments are available for that purpose.

* Not rated by the ASTM.
Rated very poor (IV) light fastness in watercolor at handprint.; see PR-60 by Bruce MacEvoy @ handprint.com
Might be better in oils or Acrylic, I would suggest making your own lightfastness tests if you are interested.

PR60:1

Pigment Scarlet

C.I. Pigment Red 60:1;

Pigment Red 60:1;

Pigment Scarlet

16105:1

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Disazo lake on a barium base;

CAS 1325-16-2

Bright Mid-shade to bluish red

-

IV (NR)*

82

A

* Not rated by the ASTM.
PR-60 was Rated Very poor (IV) light fastness in watercolor at handprint.; see PR-60 by Bruce MacEvoy @ handprint.com
I doubt this version is any better, however it has not been tested.

PR61

Lake Caramine L

C.I. Pigment Red 61;

Lake Caramine L;

Pigment Red 61

24830

24830:1

Synthetic Organic;

Xylidine coupled with naphthol on Alumina and Barium white or Zinc white on Barium white base;

CAS 1325-29-7

-

-

(NR)

-

-

-

PR62

Pigment Carmine 3B

Azo Red Transparent [RGH.o.p];

C.I. Pigment Red 62;

Pigment Carmine 3B;

Pigment Red 62

23295

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo Barium Salt; Barium lake of m-tolidine coupled with 2-naphthol.

CAS 109823-18-9

Dark bluish red

4

(NR)

-

A

-

PR63

Pigment Red 63

C.I. Pigment Red 63;

Lake Bordeaux BN;

Pigment Red 63

15880

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo;

Azo dye on precipitated on a Alumina base.

CAS 21416-46-6;

CAS 1325-13-9

Mid-shade red

3

(NR)

-

A

-

PR63:1

Lithol Bordeaux

BON Maroon;

Calcium Lake;

C.I. Pigment Red 63:1;

D&C Red No 34

Deep Maroon;

Fanchon Maroon;

Lake Bordeaux BN;

Lithol Bordeaux;

Pigment Maroon Toner;

Pigment Red 63:1

15880:1

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo; Azo dye on precipitated on a lithopone base.

CAS 6417-83-0

Bordeaux

2

III (NR)*

BWS
5; 4; 3
(Sun Chemical)

45-102

A

MSDS

* Not rated by the ASTM, blue wool scale indicates 'poor' to 'fair' light fastness.

PR69

Lithol Red GG

C.I. Pigment Red 69;

Geranium (Primary) [HO];

Lithol Red GG [FIAT];

Pigment Red 69;

Pigment Red BC

15595

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo; Disazo Lake

Bright yellowish red

-

(NR)

-

A

-

PR81

Rhodamine 6G

Bengal Pink Lake;

C.I. Pigment Red 81;

D&C Red No 19;

Fast Pink Lake;

Fast Pink Toner RNT;

Pigment Red 81;

PTMA Pink;

Rhodamine 6G Lake;

Rhodamine Red;

Rhodamine Y;

45160:1

Phosphotungsto
molybdic acid;

Phosphorous, Tungsten,

Molybdenum of Rhodamine;

CAS 12224-98-5

Fluorescent bright bluish red

4

V (NR)

45

B

-

PR81:1

Rhodamine 6G [FIAT]

Brilliant Purple [SCH];

C.I. Pigment Red 81:1;

Pigment Brown 1:1?

Pigment Red 81:1;

Rhodamine 6G;

Rose Madder (hue) [CL];

Tyrian Pink [LB.av]

45160:3

Silicotungsto-molybdic acid salt of Rhodamine;

CAS 12224-98-8

Bright bluish red

4

IV (NR)

55

B

MSDS

PR81:2

Rhodamine YS

Brilliant Purple [SCH];

C.I. Pigment Red 81:2;

Pigment Red 81:2;

Rhodamine YS

45161:1

Silicomolybdic acid salt of Rhodamine; Triarylcarbonium

Bright bluish red

4

IV (NR)

† Darkens

91-111

B

MSDS

-

PR81:3

Rhodamine YS

C.I. Pigment Red 81:3;

Crimson Lake [SE.t];

Pigment Red 81:3;

Rhodamine YS

45161:2

Phosphomolybdic acid salt of Rhodamine

Bright bluish red

4

IV (NR)

-

B

-

PR81:4

Rhodamine YS PTMA

C.I. Pigment Red 81:4;

Pigment Red 81:4;

Rhodamine YS;

Rhodamine YS PTMA

45161:5

Phosphotungsto-molybdic acid salt of Rhodamine

Bright bluish red

† Hue Shift Yellower

4

IV (NR)

-

B

MSDS

-

PR83

Alizarin Crimson

Alizarin Brown;

Alizarin Carmine [LB.o | MA.o];

Alizarin Crap Lake;

Alizarin Crimson [GEN | AS | BA.o.w | BR | DR.o | DS.a.i.o.w | GB.o.o | GR.a.o.o.w.w.wo | HO.g.o.wo | KA.o.p | KP.p | MG.a.g.o.w | NP.p | MH.o | RF.e | RGH.o.p | ROSS.o.o(soft) | RT.w | SE.o.w | SV | UT.a.o.w | WL.o.p | WN.o.w.wp.wp(L)];

Alizarin Crimson Dark [KP.p];

Alizarin Crimson Deep;

Alizarin Crimson Golden [GRd];

Alizarin Crimson Lake [SE];

Alizarin Farben;

Alizarin Golden [RGH.o];

Alizarin Lake;

Alizarine Madder Deep [SCH.p];

Alizarine Madder Lake;

Alizarine Madder Lake Deep [SCH.p];

Alizarin Orange;

Alizarin Red;

Alizarine Red B;

Alizarin Red Lake [SE.p];

Alizarin Scarlet;

Alizarin Violet Lake [SE.w];

Antique Crimson [HO.w];

Brown Madder;

C.I. Pigment Red 83;

Carmine (hue) [HO.w];

Carmine (Alizarin Crimson) [HO.w.];

Carmine Red (hue) [SE.os];

Crimson Alizarin [DR.o];

Crimson Madder;

Kermes Lake [MA.o(Ren)];

Indian Lake Alizarin;

Lacca d'Alizarina Cremisina;

Laca de Garanza Cramois;

Laque d'Alizarine Carmiosie;

Madder;

Madder Brown;

Madder Carmine [WN];

Madder Lake;

Madder Lake Deep [RT.o.w];

Mordant Red 11;

Permanent Alizarin Crimson [UT.w?**];

Permanent Carmine [MA.o.o(artis).p];

Permanent Crimson;

Permanent Rose Madder [SI.p];

Permanent Violet;

Pigment Red 83;

Red Scarlet;

Rose Doré (Alizarin);

Rose Madder [BX.o.w | HO.w | SH.w | WNd];

Rose Madder Alizarin;

Rose Madder Deep [BX.o.w]

Rose Madder Hue [GR.w | UT.o];

Rose Madder Lake [SE.w];

Scarlet Crap Lake;

Synthetic Madder;

Violet Carp Lake;

Compare NR9 and NR8

58000

Natural anthraquinone dye, derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus, usually fixed onto an Alum or Aluminium Hydroxide base*. (Ref Alizarin Crimson at Boston Fine Arts);

Alizarin (wikipedia Ref);

Making madder lake at webexhibits.org

C₁₄H₈O₄

CAS 72-48-0;

CAS 104074-25-1

Deep Dark yellowish to Bordeaux violet red;*

Staining with fairly good tinting strength

† Fades, Darkens

4

III (ASMT Oil & Acrylic)
V-IV (ASMT Watercolor)**

BWS***
7 (masstone)
(DyeStuff)

BWS
7;5
(Ref. The Artist's Handbook, By Ray Smith, DK Pub. 2003, p.22-23)

76

A

MSDS

MSDS

Unique & beautiful hue, which is why many artists still use this fugitive pigment today. The natural form has an ancient history.
It is not recommended for permanent work, and should only be used in books or illustrations that will be hidden from light. Despite it's low light fastness ratings, some old master's paintings have survived virtually unchanged, perhaps becuase it was used mostly as a glaze, mixed with resins. see below;

"Should only be used in oil color glazes and not mixed with white because of it's poor lightfastness in tints." (Ref. The Artist's Handbook, By Ray Smith, DK Pub. 2003, p.22-23)

PR 177, PR 179 or PR 264 are similar, and more permanent substitutes, but not identical.;

Technically "The colour index name "PR83" refers to the lake of the natural anthraquinone pigment, isolated from the madder root by Robiquet & Colin 1826; some manufacturers use the CI name "PR83:1" for the synthetic laked pigment invented by the German chemists Graebe and Lieberman in 1868" (Ref. Handprint.com).
My guess is that most companies and other resources are using the synthetic variety PR83:1 and just calling it PR83.

* Color depends on method of manufacture and the metal salt the Anthraquinone dye is fixed on. Tin salts giving more yellowish shades in artist pigments.

Color depends on metal the lake is fixed on:

Aluminum = Red;

Calcium = Bluish Red;

Iron = Maroon;

Chromium = Reddish-brown;

Tin = yellowish red;

** Handprint shows extremly poor results for light fastness in all watercolor brands tested. More info on PR 83, Alizarin in watercolors @ handprint.com

(Ref. Alizarin Crimson Natural Pigments)

*** these Blue Wool Scales seem to be way too high for Alizarin

PR83:1

Synthetic Alizarin Lake

Alizarin Crimson [CL | DR.o.o.t.w.w |SCH.w];

Alizarin Lake;

Alizarine Madder Lake [SCH.o(Mus)];

C.I. Pigment Red 83:1;

Crimson Alizarin [BA.o | DR.o.o.t.];

Krapplack Dunkel [SCH.g];

Madder (crimson) Lake Deep Extra [ OH.o.w ];

Madder Lake Deep [SCH.g];

Pigment Red 83:1

58000:1

Synthetic Organic;

Synthetic Anthraquinone on Alumina Base;

Alizarin, synthetic: (Ref at Boston Fine Arts CAMEO);

PR- 83:1 Dihydroxy-anthraqutone or Anthraquinone Lake (Alizarin Crimson) is a synthetic form of NR9 (without Purpurin) precipitated with an inert binder, usually a metallic salt.; (lake pigments wikipedia Ref);

Alizarin or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone is an synthetic organic compound with formula C14H8O4 that is historically important as a prominent dye, originally derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus (Ref Alizarin Crimson at Boston Fine Arts);

C₁₄H₈O₄

CAS 72-48-0;

CAS 104074-25-1

Deep Dark yellowish to Bordeaux violet red*

4

III (ASMT Oil & Acrylic)
IV-V (ASMT Watercolor)

BWS**
7-8; 7-8; 6
(Kremer)

76-120

A

* Color depends on method of manufacture and the metal salt the Anthraquinone dye is fixed on. Tin salts giving more yellowish shades in artist pigments.

Color depends on metal the lake is fixed on:

Aluminum = Red;

Calcium = Bluish Red;

Iron = Maroon;

Chromium = Reddish-brown;

Tin = yellowish red

** Kremer Pigmente rate their Alizarin Crimson Dark with an unusually high Blue Wool Scale 7-8 (excellent) light fastness for this pigment, a misprint? (Ref. Kremer);

PR83:3

Alizarin Lake

Alizarin Crimson [LK];

C.I. Pigment Red 83:3

Pigment Red 83:3

58000:3

-

Bordeaux violet red

4

III

-

A

-

PR85

Indo Red

Algol Brilliant Red BB;

Algol Brilliant Red 2B;

Algol Pink BBK;

Algol Red BK;

C.I. Pigment Red 85;

Indo Red MV-6640;

Pigment Red 85;

Ponsol Red AFF

63350

Anthraquinone

Brilliant orange red

-

-

-

-

-

PR88

Thioindigoid Violet

Bayeaux Violet;

Bordeaux;

C.I. Pigment Red 88;

Deep Magenta [HO.ag];

Garnet Lake;

Permanent Red;

Permanent Violet [DS.w];

Permanent Red Violet MRS;

Pigment Red 88;

Purple Lake [WN.w];

Red Violet MRS;

Scheveningen Violet [OH];

Thioindigo Red [KP.p];

Thioindigo Violet [DV.o];

Thioindigoid Violet;

Thio Red Violet [GU.pd Soldout]

73312

Synthetic Organic;

Thioindigoid;

Acetic acid heated w/ concentrated sulfuric acid;

CAS 14295-43-3

Deep red violet

3

I (ASTM oil)

II (ASTM WC)

BWS
8;7-8;7-8
(Guerra)

L

A

MSDS

Extinct pigment, no longer manufactured

Reacts with hydrochloric acid.

PR90

Vermilionette

C.I. Pigment Red 90;

Imperial red;

Royal Red;

Vermilionette

45380:1

Eosin Y (CI 45380, CI Acid Red 87) precipitated on a base of lead oxide;

Bluish red with a yellowish green fluorescence

-

IV

-

C

This was one of the pigments that caused heavy fading in paintings by Vincent Van Gogh according to Rioux (1999). (Pigment Compendium, 2008, Ref)

PR90:1

Geranium lake

C.I. Pigment Red 90:1;

Geranium lake

45380:3

Eosin Y (CI 45380, CI Acid Red 87) precipitated on a base of aluminium hydroxide;

Bluish red with a yellowish green fluorescence

-

IV

-

-

-

PR89

Pigment Red 89

Anthraquinone Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 89;

Pigment Red 89

60745

Dianthraquinone

Blue red violet

-

II

-

A

Discontinued; was used in artist colors

PR101

Synthetic Iron Oxide Red

Agate Brown [SCH.o];

Antique Red Ochre [HO.w(ant)];

Antique Russet Bauxite [HO.w(ant)];

Asphaltum (hue) [DS.o];

Red [HO];

Antique Russet Brown [HO.w];

Baroque Red [RGH.o];

Bauxite Red;

Blood Stone Red;

Bright Red Ochre;

Brown [HO];

Brown Pink [RF.e | WL.o.p];

Brown Red;

Brun Rouge;

Burnt Roman Vitriol;

Burnt Seinna [AS | BA.o | DR.a.a(s3hb).a(s3mb).o.o(georg).o.w | HO.ag.w | LA.a | LB.av.o | LK | MA.p| PF.w | RT.a.a.o.wo | SCH.a | UT.a.o | WN.a.a.k.wo.w.w.wp.wp(L)];

Burnt Sienna Deep [DV.w];

Burnt Vitriol;

Cadmium Red Orange (hue) [MA];

Caput Mortem:

Caput Mortum [AS];

Caput Mortuum [BX.o.w | LK | MA.p | OH.a.o.w | SCH.o.o(Mus)];

Caput Mortuum Dark;

Caput Mortuum Deep [SCH.p];

Caput Mortuum Hell [SCH];

Caput Mortum Light;

Caput Mortuum Pale [SCH];

Caput Mortuum Synthetic [KP.p];

Caput Mortuum Violet [OH.a.o.w | WN.w.wp];

Caput Mortuum Violet (mars) [OH.a.o.w];

Chinese Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 101;

Colcothar;

Crimson Oxide [GU];

Crocus Martis²;

Dutch Brown (Transparent) [WL.p];

English Brown Red;

English Light Red;

English Red [GEN | BA.o | LA.a | LK | MA.p | OH.a.o.w | SE.a.o | SCH.g.o.o(Mus)];

English Red Deep [LK];

English Red Earth [DS.w];

English Red Extra Deep [SI.p];

English Red Light [KP.p | LK | SCH.p];

English Red (Mars) [OH.a];

English Red Ochre [DS.w];

English Venetian Red [SCH.w];

Environox Falun Red*** [EP.p];

Environox Terra Cotta*** [EP.p];

Havana Brown [DR.a(s3hb).a(s3mb)];

Hematite;

Hematite Burnt Scarlet [DS.w];

Indian Red* [GEN | AS | BA.o.w | DR.o.o.w.t | DS.a.i.o.p.w |DV.k.w | GB.o.p | GR.o.w.wo | HO.o.w | MA | MH.o | RT.o.o | SE.o | UT.w | WN.k.o.wo.w.w.wp];

Indian Red Deep* [RGH.o.p];

Indian Red ochre* [CH];

Indian Red Oxide [CR.a(jo).ao.o | JO.a];

Iron Brown Hematite;

Iron Oxide, Mars Brown [SE];

Iron Oxide Red [KP.p];

Iron Oxide Red 130 M [KP.p];

Iron Oxide Red 222, dark [KP.p];

Iron Oxide Red Medium, Mexican Terra Cotta Shade [SI.p];

Italian Venetian Red [DS.w];

Light Oxide Red [CR.a | RT.a.o.o.w.wo];

Light Red [GEN | AS | DR.w | GR.o | HO.o.w | WN.k.o.w.w.wp];

Light Red Ochre [CR.ao.o];

Light Red Oxide [CR.a];

Lunar Red Rock [DS.w];

Maroon Red Oxide Transparent [RGH.o];

Mars Brown [MA.o.o(artis).p | WNd];

Mars Orange [MA.p.o(artis) | RF.e | SE } WL.p];

Mars Orange Red [OH.a];

Mars Red [GEN | BX.o | BR | DR.o | MA.a.o.o(artis).o.p | RF.e | RGH.o.p | SE.os.p | WL.o.p | WN];

Mars Red Extra Deep Turkish Red [SI.p];

Mars Red Light [WL.o.p];

Mars Scarlet [WNd];

Mars Violet [GEN | AS | BX.o | CR.ao.o | DS.o.p | DR.o.w | DV | HO.a.o | KA.o.p | MA.o.o(artis).p | MT | RF.e | RGH.o | SE.a | RT.o | WL.o.p | WN];

Mars Violet Deep [WN.o];

Medium Brown [SCH.a];

Medium Red Oxide [KA.ad];

Micaceous iron oxide [EN.wax | GO.a.af | TA.a.];

Miltos;

Mineral Purple;

Mineral Violet;

Morelle Salt;

Ochre Red;

Opaque Brown [HO.af];

Oxide Orange;

Oxide Red Deep [LA.a];

Oxide Red Light [LA.a];

Oxyde Red [CH];

Oxyde Rouge;

Persian Red [OH.o];

Persian Indian Red [OH.o.w];

Persian Red (Indian) [OH.o];

Pigment Red 101;

Pompeiian Red [SCH.o(Mus).p];

Pouzzoles Red [CH];

Pozzuoli Earth [SCH.o(Mus).p];

Purple Ochre;

Raw Seinna [PF.w];

Raw Umber [LK];

Red 140 [EP.p];

Red Brown;

Red Brown Oxide Medium [GU];

Red Earth [CR.a(jo) | JO.a | SCH.o];

Red Gold [GU];

Red Iron Oxide [PF| SCH.a | WN.a.o.w.wp.];

Red Ochre [HO.a.a(gesso).o| KA.o | LB.av | MA.a.g | MR.o | PF.o.o.w** | WL.o];

Red Oxide [BA.a.a | GO.a.af.ag.ao | SQ.a | TA.a.af | LB.o | LQ.a | MT];

Red Oxide Deep [KA.p];

Red Oxide Light [GU | KA.p];

Red Oxide Medium [GU | KA.p];

Red Oxide of Iron;

Red Oxide Transparent [RGH.o.p];

Red Sartorius Earth [NP.p];

Rich Transparent Red Iron Oxide [DR];

Roman Ochre;

Roman Red;

Rouge Violet;

Salmon [KA.p];

Sartorius Red Earth [NP.p];

Scarlet [LQ.a];

Seinna;

Sepia Brown [LB.av];

Sepia Transparent [RGH.o];

Senois Brown [CH];

Senois Orange [CH];

Senois Red [CH];

Sinopia;

Spanish Oxide;

Spanish Red;

Spanish Earth [WL.o];

Synthetic Iron Oxide;

Synthetic Iron Oxide Blue Shade;

Synthetic Red Iron Oxide;

Terra d'Italia [KA.p];

Terra Di Sienna;

Terra Rosa [HO.o | MG.a.o.w | RGH.o.p | WN.o];

Terra Rosa Hue [GR.o | UT.o];

Terracotta Reddish [SCH.a];

Terre Rouge;

Translucent Brown Oxide [SCH.a.o(Mus)];

Translucent Orange Oxide;

Translucent Orange-Red [KP.p];

Translucent Red Brown [SCH.o];

Translucent Red Medium [KP.p];

Translucent Red Oxide [SCH.o(Mus)];

Transoxide Red [LA.a];

Transparent Brown [TA.a.af ];

Transparent Brown Oxide [DS.o.w | WN.o];

Transparent Burnt Sienna [DV.af | LQ.a];

Transparent Earth Red [GB.o.p];

Transparent Iron Oxide Red [UT.o];

Transparent Mars Brown [BX.o.w | SQ.a | MA.o.w];

Transparent Mars Red [BX.o.w | SQ.a | MA.o.w];

Transparent Oxide Brown [RT.o.w];

Transparent Oxide Red [CAS.k | KA.o MH.o | OH.a | RT.o.w];

Transparent Oxide Red Lake [OH.o.w];

Transparent Red Iron Oxide [DV.a | GO.a.ab.af.ag.ao | GR.o];

Transparent Red Ochre [WN];

Transparent Red Oxide [BR | CR.ao.o | DS.o.w | GO.ab | OH.a | KA.ad.p | MG.a.o.w | MH | RT.wo | TA.a.af];

Tuscan Red;

Venetian Orange [PF.o];

Venetian Red [GEN | CAS.k | CL | BA.o | DR.a.a.o.w.t | DS.i.o.w | DV.a.k.o.w | GB.o.o | GR.o.wo | GU.ad | MA.w | MR.o | MT | MH.o | MW.o | OH.a.o.w | PF.o | RGH.o.p | RT.o.w | SE.a.o.p | SI.p | UT.a.o.w | WN.o.w.wp];

Venetian Red (Mars) [OH.a];

Venice Red;

Venician Red [PF];

Violet de Mars;

Violet Iron Oxide [DV.w | WN.a];

Violet Oxide [ GO.a.af.ag.ao ];

XSL Translucent Red [KP.p];

There are many other names for ochres and red iron oxides, usually based on color hue (maroon, violet), production location (Turkey, Oxford), quarry, mining site or manufacturing method (burnt, fired, roasted) and to further complicate things they appear in amost all languages.

They can be followed or prefixed by other properties such as raw, bright, deep, dark, medium, fine or transparent etc.

There are also many different traditional spellings of the word Ochre, Ocher, Ocre, Oker, Oaker, etc. or Earth (Terra, Terre) and variances on the words oxide (Oxyde, oxid, etc.), Iron (di ferro, de fer, mars, Ferric, ferrous, etc.), red (rouge, rot, rosso, rojo, colorado, etc.) and brown (bruin, brun, marron, braun, moreno, etc.).

The same names are now seemingly even used interchangeably for synthetic or natural forms, including some crossover with the names of yellow hydrated iron oxides (PY42, PY43) and brown iron oxides and umbers (PBr6, PBr7).

The red iron oxide pigments have an ancient history and pigments often still use the traditional names not necessarily in the native tongue of the artists using them. Add to all that, the multitude of languages that have intermixed and the iron oxide pigment names have become an almost impossible list of varied phrases.

77491

inorganic;

Synthetic Anhydrous red iron oxide, It may consist of the additional modifiers Cr2 03, FeO, Mn203, or/and NiO in any combination.

The amount and time of calcining can adjust the color from dull orange to violet red & brown;

(Ref. LBNL Pigment Database Spectral radiative properties;

Red Iron Oxide (i);

Red Iron Oxide (ii);

Red Iron Oxide (iii);

Red Oxide;

Making pigments: Red Ochre at webexhibits.org;

Iron Brown Hematite:

CPMA 3-06-7 (4th ed. CMPA Classification and Chemical Description of the Complex Inorganic Color Pigments)

CAS 1309-37-1

various brownish yellow to orange to red shades with yellow to violet under tones****

1-4**

I* (ASTM oil, Acry. disp. and WC)

BWS
8;8;8
(Chroma)

BWS
8;8;8
(Guerra)

15-25

A

MSDS²

Mars is the alchemical name for metallic element iron, the symbol of which was the same as that of the planet Mars. Associated with Mars, the "Red Planet" because of the reddish iron oxide prevalent on its surface. (Ref at symbols.com), (Ref Collins English Dictionary);

Mars Red and Mars colors info at The Conservation and Art Materials Encyclopedia Online (CAMEO);

the word hematite is derived from the Greek haimai, meaning blood;

Red Ochre at Blick Art website (aff. link);

Make Iron (III) Oxide
Video on the The Plutonium Bunny YouTube Channel;

* The name Indian red derives from the red laterite soil found in India, which is composed of naturally occurring iron oxides. The first recorded use of Indian red as a color term in English was in 1792.[2], it does not refer to, or have anything to do with the skin color of Native Americans; (Ref Indian_Red_(color) Wikipedia)

** Transparency depends on particle size, amount of grinding, formulation, binder, method of manufacture, mineral content, impurities and additives.

*** Environox Terra Cotta and Environox Falun Red from Earth Pigments is Iron Oxide produced from reclaimed iron sludge

**** Oil paints, watercolors and other artist paints using PR101 and PR102 exist in almost any shade of yellow, orange, red and violet brown to green brown. Calcining or heating at a high temperature adds a whole other layer of deeper shades to the already wide degree of shades.

PR101:1

Red Hematite

Burnt Sienna;

C.I. Pigment Red 101:1;

Pigment Red 101:1;

Red Haematite;

Red Hematite

77015

Inorganic; Aluminium silicate and Ferric oxide

Yellowish pink through brick red to brown**

1-4*

I

BWS
8;8;8

15-25

A

* Transparency depends on particle size, amount of grinding, formulation, binder, method of manufacture, mineral content, impurities and additives.

*** Oil paints and watercolors using PR101 and PR102 exist in almost any shade of yellow-orange, orange, red, violet brown to green brown.

PR102

Natural Red Iron Oxide

Almagro;

Antwerp Red;

Armenian Bole;

Armenian Purple Ocher [NP.o.p];

Arribida;

Augit Porphyry Crimson Red;

Bauxite Red;

Blood Stone;

Blue Ridge Hematite [NP.p];

Blue Ridge Violet Hematite [NP.p];

Bole;

Brown Red;

Brown Ochre Deep [OH.o.w];

Brun Rouge;

Burgundy Red Ochre [DS.o.w];

Burgundy Red Ochre Deep [KP.p];

Burgundy Red Ochre Medium [KP.p];

Burnt Sienna [CL | EP.p | SV];

Burnt Terra de Siena;

Burnt Ochre;

Burnt Yellow Ochre [DS.o];

Cardinal Purple;

Caput Mortuum violet brown [KP.p];

Caput Mortuum Dark, violet brown [KP.p];

Caput Mortuum Deep Violet [KP.p];

Caput Mortuum Reddish [KP.p];

Caput Mortuum, Reddish Dark [SI.p];

Colonial Burnt Sienna [EP.p];

Cote d'Azur;

Cote d'Azur Violet;

Cote d'Azur Violet (Natural Light Caput Mortuum) [DS.w];

C.I. Pigment Red 102;

Crimean Hematite [NP.p];

Crocus Martis²;

Deep Ochre [OH.o.w];

English Red;

Ercolano Red [NP.p];

Fired Gold Ochre [DS.w];

French Ochre SOFOROUGE [KP.p];

French Red Ochre [NP.p];

Genuine Indian Red, natural Hematite [SI.p];

Gulf Red;

Hematite [DS.o | KP.p | NP.p];

Hematite Burnt Scarlet Genuine[DS.o.w];

Hematite Crimean [NP.p];

Indian Red*;

Indischrot;

Iron Brown Hematite;

Iron Oxide Red, natural [KP.p];

Italian Burnt Sienna [WL.o];

Italian Pink [WL.o];

Italian Pompeii Red [WL.o.p];

Italian Pozzuoli Earth [WL.o,p];

Italian Rosso Veneto [WL.o.p];

Italian Terra Rosa (Sardinian) [WL.o.p];

Light Red [BX.o.w | OH.o.w | WN.a.w];

Luberon Red Oxide (Indian Red) [NP.p];

Miltos;

Mineral Violet;

Minnesota Pipestone [DS.o.w];

Morelle Salt;

Mummy Deep Red Brick [KA.p];

Natural Hematite;

Natural Iron Oxide;

Natural Light Caput Mortuum [DS.w];

Natural Red [EP.p];

Natural Red Iron Oxide;

Natural Red Oxide;

Ocre Rouge;

Old Holland Light Red [OH.o.w];

Oxid Rot;

Oxyde Rouge;

Oxyde Rouge Naturelle;

Pabonazzo;

Persian Gulf Oxide;

Persian Red;

Pigment Red 102;

Pink Pipestone (Catlinite) [NP.p];

Poliment;

Pompeian Red;

Pompeii Red [WL.o];

Pompeiian Red;

Pozzuoli Earth [WL.o];

Pozzuoli Red [NP.p];

Purple Ocher [NP.o.p];

Prussian Brown;

Prussian Red;

Raw Sienna;

Raw Terra de Siena;

Red Bole [KP.p];

Red Earth;

Red Hematite;

Red Iron Ore;

Red Iron Stone;

Red Mine Ochre (England) [KP.p];

Red Ochre [BX.o.w | EP.p | LB.o | OH.o.w | SE.a.p.w | WL.o];

Red Oxide;

Red Umber [ OH.o| WL.o.p];

Redocker;

Roasted French Ochre [DS.w];

Rojo de Venecia;

Rojo indiano;

Rojo Óxido;

Rosso di Venezia;

Rosso indiano;

Rosso Ossido;

Rosso Sartorius [KP.p];

Rosso Veneto [WL.o];

Rouge de Venise;

Rouge Indien;

Rouge Venetian;

Siena-erde;

Sienna;

Sienne Calcinée;

Sinopean;

Sinoper;

Sinopia;

Sinopia Red Earth [SI};

Spanish Brown;

Spanish Earth (Purple Ochre) [WL.o];

Spanish Ochre;

Spanish Red [NP.p];

Spanish Red Ochre [KP.p];

Terra Cotta;

Terra Cotta (Light Red) [DV.w];

Terra di Siena;

Terra di Sienna;

Terra Pozzuoli;

Terra Rosa [WL.o];

Terre de Sienne;

Transparent Red Ochre [WN.o];

Turkey Red;

Tuscan red;

Venice Red;

Venetian Red [GEN | BX.o.w | EP.p | KP.p | NP.p | SQ.a];

Venetian Red Earth [MA.o];

Venezischrot;

Violet Hematite [NP.p];

Yellow Ochre Burnt [OH.o.w];

Yellow Ochre Half Burnt [OH.o.w];

There are many other names for ochres and red iron oxides, usually based on color hue (maroon, violet), production location (Turkey, Oxford), quarry, mining site or manufacturing method (burnt, calcined, fired, raw) and to further complicate things they appear in almost all languages.

They can be followed or prefixed by other properties such as bright, deep, dark, medium, fine or transparent etc.

There are also many different traditional spellings of the word Ochre, Ocher, Ocre, Oker, Oaker, etc. or Earth (Terra, Terre) and variances on the words oxide (Oxyde, oxid, etc.), Iron (di ferro, de fer, mars, Ferric, ferrous, etc.), red (rouge, rot, rosso, rojo, colorado, etc.) and brown (bruin, brun, marron, braun, moreno, etc.).

The same names are now seemingly even used interchangeably for synthetic or natural forms, including some crossover with the names of yellow hydrated iron oxides (PY42, PY43) and brown iron oxides and umbers (PBr6, PBr7).

The red iron oxide pigments have an ancient history and pigments often still use the traditional names, add the multitude of languages that have intermixed making the natural iron oxide pigment names an almost impossible list of varied phrases.

77491

Natural Inorganic;

Anhydrous iron(III)-oxide:

Ferric Oxide;

Natural red iron oxide along with clay and other varied natural minerals depending on source.

May be calcined natural yellow oxide (yellow ochre or hydrous iron oxide)
The amount and time of calcining can adjust the color from yellow orange to violet red & brown;

Making pigments: Red Ochre at webexhibits.org;

CAS 1309-37-1

Various orange & red to red violet shades***

1-4**

I (ASTM oil & Acry. disp., NR in WC)

BWS
8;8;8
(Chroma)

BWS
8;8;8
(Guerra)

15-25

A****

MSDS²

* The name Indian red derives from the red laterite soil found in India, which is composed of naturally occurring iron oxides. The first recorded use of Indian red as a color term in English was in 1792.[2], it does not refer to, or have anything to do with the skin color of Native Americans; (Ref Indian_Red_(color) Wikipedia)

** Color, texture and transparency of natural pigments can vary widely depending on particle size, particle or crystal shape, the presence of clays, minerals, and impurities.

*** Oil paints, watercolors and other artist paints using PR101 and PR102 exist in almost any shade of yellow, orange, red and violet brown to green brown. Calcining or heating at a high temperature adds a whole other layer of deeper shades to the already wide degree of natural shades

**** avoid dust, inhaling large amounts may cause silicosis. Natural earths may contain trace amounts of heavy metals or other compounds & minerals.

PR103

Red Lead Chromate

American Vermillion (hue);

Australian Cinnabar (hue);

Austrian Red;

Austrian Cinnabar (hue);

Chinese Red;

Chrome Red;

Chrome Scarlet;

Chrome Orange [MA];

Chrome Yellow;

Chrome Vermilion;

Chromrot;

C.I. Pigment Red 103;

Lead Chromate;

Midnight Sun;

Pigment Orange 21;

Pigment Orange 45;

Pigment Red 103;

Pigment Red 104;

Red Lead Chromate;

Rouge de Chrome;

Rouge de Perse;

77601

Lead Chromate;

CAS 7758-97-6

Bright red to orange red*

-

-

-

C

MSDS

* When finely ground, the color becomes lighter and more of a yellowish red (Ref Dictionary of Artists' Oil Pigments: by R. Bruce Handlong, 1969)

PR104

Molybdate Orange

American Vermillion (hue);

Australian Cinnabar (hue);

Austrian Red;

Austrian Cinnabar (hue);

Chinese Red;

Chromate Red;

Chrome Cinnabar (hue);

Chrome Red;

Chrome Scarlet;

Chrome Orange;

Chrome Yellow;

Chinese Red;

Chrome Cinnabar (hue);

Chrome Red;

Chrome Scarlet;

Chrome Orange [MA.p];

Chrome Yellow;

Chrome Vermilion;

C.I. Pigment Red 104;

Crocoite*;

Derby Red;

Garnet Chrome;

Golden Orange Yellow;

Lead Molybdate Chromate;

Laque Mineral;

FAST MOLYBDATE RED;

Lead Chromate Molybdate Sulfate Red;

Mineral Orange;

Mineral Red Thiosol;

Molibdated Lead Chrome;

Molybdate of Lead;

Molybdate Chrome;

Molybdate Chrome Red;

Molybdate Orange Y;

Molybdate Red 107;

Molybden Red;

Molybdenum Orange;

Orange Paste;

Persian Red;

Pigment Orange 21;

Pigment Orange 45;

Pigment Red 103;

Pigment Red 104;

Red Lead;

Rouge de Perse;

Rosetto Chrome;

Ruby Red Chrome;

Scarlet Chrome;

Vauquelin;

Victoria Red;

Vienna Red

77605

Molybdated Lead Chromate;

mixed crystals of lead chromate, lead molybdate, and lead sulfate;

CAS 12656-85-8;

CAS 12213-61-5

Bright reddish orange to mid-shade red*

1

II

14-22

C

May be affected by hydrogen sulfide

* The products vary according to proportions of constituents and conditions of precipitation from orange to red Literature (Ref Inorganic Colouring Matters, Color Index 3rd Ed.)

PR105

Red Lead

Azarcon;

Bleimennige;

C.I. Pigment Red 105;

Etan;

Lead Orthoplumbate;

Lead Oxide;

Lead Oxide Red

Lead Tetroxide;

Mennige;

Mine Rouge;

Mineral Orange;

Mineral Red;

Miniatus;

Minium;

Minio;

Minio di Piombo;

Minium de Plomb;

Minium (Red Lead or Surik) [NP.p]

Orange Mineral;

Palladian Red;

Palladian Scarlet;

Paris Red;

Pigment Orange 21;

Pigment Orange 45;

Pigment Red 103;

Pigment Red 104;

Pigment Red 105;

Red Lead [GEN | KP.p | NP.p];

Red Lead, Minium [KP.p];

Red Lead Oxide;

Red Oxide of Lead;

Rosso di Saturno;

Rosso Saturno;

Sandix;

Saturnine;

Saturn Red;

Surick;

Surik;

Triplumbic Tetroxide

77578

Lead Tetroxide ;

Minium is the natural mineral (Ref. Webmineral.com);

Minium, aka “red lead”, is a product of calcining the natural mineral. Minium gets its name from the Minius River in northwest Spain, where the native mineral was once mined in antiquity. (Ref. Natural Pigments)

"Synthetic Red Lead is produced by heating Litharge (lead monoxide) in the presence of air. The finest variety of Orange Mineral is obtained by carefully heating pure white Lead , which is converted into Litharge and then into Red Lead." (Ref Dictionary of Artists' Oil Pigments p.64)

Making pigments: Red Lead at webexhibits.org;

CAS 1314-41-6

Bright to slightly dull scarlet red;

good tinting strength

† Loses chroma, darkens; may lighten in fresco due to the formation of lead sulfate from its interaction with moisture and atmospheric pollution (Ref. Natural Pigments);

1

II (NR)*

6-8

C**

ICSC

More info on Red Lead at ColourLex.com Science and Art Initiative, with example of use in old paintings;

* Not rated by the ASTM. May be more permanent in oils; There are many examples of centuries old oil paintings are still in good shape. It is not concidered particuly light fast, but it seems to effected more by enviromental conditions that light itself. May be affected by hydrogen sulfide. Also It may react with pigments that contain free sulfur; Not suitible for watercolors or fresco as mositure combined with excessive light will darken it. (Ref. Natural Pigments)

Dry Pigment can be blackened by light, once ground in oil or resin this does not occur. (Ref Dictionary of Artists' Oil Pigments p.64)

** Contains Lead; requires a PROP 65 warning label in CA. and a health warnings in most states & countries.

HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED

 Avoid ingestion and skin contact. Avoid dust. Keep far out of reach of children & pets.

When working with the dry pigment, all toxic hazards are multiplied, because the ease of accidently inhaling, spillage or contact with skin & clothing. Be careful, always wear a NIOSH certified dust mask & gloves when working with the dry powder.

It is a very bad idea to spray or airbrush lead pigments, even if wearing a dust mask and protective clothing, the overspray would be a nightmare to clean up and would contaminate the whole spraying area.

Usually substituted with less toxic pigments and mixtures in modern paints, genuine Red Lead is still available from some suppliers, (see links in the marketing & common names column).

PR106

Vermillion (genuine)

American Quicksilver Vermilion;

Carmine Vermilion;

Cenobrium;

Chinese Red;

Chinese Vermilion [HO.o];

Chu Sha;

C.I. Pigment Red 106;

Cinnabar (Natural)*;

Deep Vermilion;

English Vermilion

European Vermilion;

Extract of Vermilion;

French Vermillion [HO.o];

Genuine Chinese Vermilion [MH.o];

Genuine Vermilion [WL.o];

Orange Vermilion;

Natural Cinnabar [KP.p];

Pale Vermilion;

Pigment Red 106;

Trieste Vermilion;

Scarlet Vermillion;

Vermilion [BR | HO | KA.p | KP.p | MH.o | NP.o.p.w | RGH.o.p];

Vermillion [HO.o];

Vermilion (genuine) [BXd];

Zinnober

77766

Synthetic Mercuric Sulfide;

"Vermilion is made by subliming a mixture of mercury and sulfur. Then the product is ground, levigated and dried.
The superior Chinese vermilion is prepared by digesting precipitated mercuric sulfide with an alkaline sulfide;" (Ref. Natural Pigments)

Natural Cinnabar may have impurities but they do not seem to be the free sulphides that can cause darkening*;

Making pigments: Vermillion at webexhibits.org;

HgS;

CAS 1344-48-5

EC 215-696-3

Bright mid through yellow red

heavy staining w/ high tinting strength and slow drying rate

† Darkens, blackens, may develope a whitish surface haze if impure*

1

I* (ASTM oil & Acry. disp.)
III* (ASTM WC)

BWS (watercolor)
3; 3
(handprint)

7-12

C**

MSDS

MSDS (Spectrum Lab Products)

MSDS

Unique hue;

More info on PR 106 in watercolors @ handprint.com

More info @ ColorLex.com

Vermilion @ Wikipedia.com

Cinnabar and Vermilion: Beautiful and Toxic Mineral and Pigment by Linda Crampton (2017) on her blog @ qwlcation.com

* May be affected by atmospheric sulfides;

Rumored to be more permanent with resin mediums or when glazed with PR 83.(Ref. WetCanvas.com Thread);

(Ref: CAMEO Materials Database at Boston Museum of Fine Arts);

"Various impurities can accelerate blackening"
"Dry process Vermilion & Cinnabar are generally very pure, but can still exhibit some darkening"
Darkening may be from contamination with Sodium Chloride (Salt) from an external source, possibly human skin debris. (Ref. Spring, M., Grout, R. 'The Blackening of Vermilion: An Analytical Study of the Process in Paintings'. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 23, pp 50–61 [PDF])

Any darkening may be due to impurities (Ref: Journal of the Chemical Society, Vol. 13, 1875, p.673; Deterioration of the Colour of Vermilion by contact with Copper and Brass. By Karl Hummus);

Vermilion has been commonly seen
on Roman wall paintings, and on XV century Flemish paintings, still brilliant and quite unchanged.
Darkening more often occurs when Vermilion is used in tempera or water color.
Impure and wet process vermillion is more likely to darken. (Ref:Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopaedia, By Rutherford John Gettens, ©1942 , p.172);

"tests have shown that impurities in the alkali polysulfides used to make the pigment lead to this instability" (Ref: Common Medieval Pigments by Amy Baker (2004); The Cochineal Repository , The University of Texas at Austin School of Information);

(Ref: Natural Pigments Vermilion);

"Darkening of Cinnabar based pigments occurs only in pigments containing traces of chlorine or exposed to the halogens. "
From Fields, "blackening and fading in vermilion are always due to adulteration ‘by mixture with lake or carmine … or by red or orange lead’." (Ref Pigment Compendium p.383);

** Requires a PROP 65 Label, should not be used around children or any place children may have access to. Should wear a NIOSH certified dusk mask & gloves when working with the dry pigment powder. Do not smoke, eat or drink when working with this pigment or paints made with it.
Probably not a big hazard to humans, as there is very little soluble mercury. (Ref: Natural Pigments, Vermilion & Cinnabar toxicology test results);

PR107

Antimony Red

Antimonium;

Antimonous sulfide;

Antimontrisulfid (Deut.);

Antimoon trisulfide (Ned.);

Antimony [KP.p];

Antimony Black;

Antimony Glance;

Antimony Orange;

Antimony Red [KP.p];

Antimony Vermilion;

Arancio di antimonio (It.);

Black Antimony;

Bournonite;

C.I. Pigment Red 107;

Crimson Antimony;

Golden Antimony Sulphide;

Golden Sulfur;

Golden Sulfur of Antimony;

Golden Yellow;

Goldschwefel;

Hermus Mineral

Iron Black;

Lymphoscan;

Mineral Kermes;

Orangé d'antimoine (Fr.);

Pigment Red 107;

Red Antimony;

Stibium*

Stibnite (mineral);

Stibnit (Deut.);

Sulfure d'antimoine (Fr.);

Trisolfuro di antimonio (It.);

77050

77060

77061

Antimony;

Antimony (III) sulfide;

Antimony oxide sulfide;

Antimony Trisulfide, (Ref: CAMEO Materials Database at Boston Museum of Fine Arts Ref);

Stibnite (natural mineral) (Ref: mindat.org);

CAS 1315-04-4

Light yellow orange to deep carmine to black;

* Stibium is the metallic blackish grey form (Ref)

1

I

-

D

MSDS

May blacken in presence of lead pigments; Can react explosively with some organic materials; (Ref: Wiley Guide to Chemical Incompatibilities
By Richard P. Pohanish, Stanley A., p.124);

PR108

Cadmium Red

C.I. Pigment Red 108;

C.P. Cadmium Red Dark [GO.a.ag.ao];

C.P. Cadmium Red Deep [SQ.a | TA.a.];

C.P. Cadmium Red Light [GO.a.ag.ao | SQ.a | TA.a.];

C.P. Cadmium Red Medium [GO.a.ag.ao | SQ.a | TA.a.];

Alizarin Crimson Lake Extra (hue) [OH.w];

Cadmium Brown [KA.p | KP.p];

Cadmium Light Red;

Cadmium Maroon [AS | GR.w*? | HO.o |KA.p];

Cadmium Maroon C.P. [GU];

Cadmium Orange [BA.w | GR.w?* | HO.wo | MW.o | OH.a.o.w];

Cadmium Orange #2, dp-vermillion [SI.p];

Cadmium Orange Deep [LA.a | MT];

Cadmium Orange Red [HO.o];

Cadmium Orange Red Shade [HO.o];

Cadmium Orange Hue [GR.w?*];

Cadmium Purple [BXo.w];

Cadmium Red [GEN | AS | BX.o.w | DR.a.o.t.w | HO.g.o.wo | SE.a | SQ.a | MG.a.g.o.w | MH.o | UT | WN.g.o.w.w.wp.];

Cadmuim red #4, bluish-purple [SI.p];

Cadmium Red Bordeaux [LA.a];

Cadmium Red Dark [RGH.o.p | WN.wo];

Cadmium Red Dark CP [ GO.a.af.ag.ao];

Cadmium Red Dark Xtra CP [GU];

Cadmium Red Dark Xtra CP (blue shade) [GU];

Cadmium Red Deep [GEN | AS | BA.o.w | DSd | DR.a.o.t.w | DV.a.k.o.w | GB.o | GR.wd?* | HO.g.o.w.wo | KA.o.p | LA.a | LB.o | LK | MA.a.o.o(artis).o.p.w | MR.o | MG.a.o.w | MH.o | MW.o | OH.a.o.w | RF.e | RT.a.o.w.wo | SCH.a.g.o.p.w | SE.o.p | SI.p | UT.o.w | WL.o.p | WN.a.k.o.w.w.wp.];

Cadmium Red Deep Genuine [SE.t];

Cadmium Red Deep Hue [GR.w?*];

Cadmium Red Deep Pure [UT.o.w ];

Cadmium Red Extra Deep [UT.a];

Cadmium Red Light [GEN | CAS.k | BA.o.w | CR.ao.o | DV.a.k..o.w | GB | GR.w?* | HO.o.w | KA.o.p | MR.o | LA.a | LB.o | LQ.a | MA.a.o.o(artis).o.p.w | MG.a.g.o.w | MH.o | MR.o | MW.o | NP.p | OH.a.o.w | RF.e | RGH.o.p | RT.a.o.wo | SCH.g.w | SE.o.os.p.w | SI.p | UT.a.o.w | WL.o.p | WN.a.a.k.w.wo.];

Cadmium Red Light CP (orange shade) [GU];

Cadmium Red Light CP [GO.a.ag.ao | GU.pd];

Cadmium Red Light F [KP.p];

Cadmium Red Light HS [GU.pd]

Cadmium Red Light (Scarlet) [CR.ao.o];

Cadmium Red Light Xtra [GU];

Cadmium Red Light Xtra CP [GU];

Cadmium Red Light Pure [UT.w];

Cadmium Red Light (Scarlet) [CR.a.o];

Cadmium Red Maroon [KA | RGH.o.p];

Cadmium Red Medium [GEN | CAS.k | CR.ao.o | BA.o.w | DV.a.k.o.w | GB.o.p | GR.w?* | KA.o.p | LA.a | LB.o | LQ.a | MA.a.o.o(artis).o.p | MT | MW.o | OH.a.o.w | RF.e | RGH.o.p | RT.a.o.o.w.wo | SCH.a | SE.o | UT.a.o.w | WL.o.p | WN.a.a.k.wo ];

Cadmium Red Medium CP [GO.a.ag.ao];

Cadmium Red Medium Light H.S. [GU.pd];

Cadmium Red Medium Pure [ UT.o.w];

Cadmium Red Medium (vermilioned) [OH.o];

Cadmium Red Middle [HO.a.a(gesso) | SCH.g.w];

Cadmium Red Orange [HO.w | MA.a.o.o(artis) | SE.w];

Cadmium Red Pale [DR.w | WN];

Cadmium Red Purple [HO.a.a(gesso).g.o.w | KA.o.p |MA.o(artis).p | OH.o.w | RT.o | RGH.o.p | SE.a.os.p.w | WL.o];

Cadmium Red Scarlet [DSd | SV | OH.o.w | WN.w];

Cadmium Red Vermilion [WL.o];

Cadmium Scarlet [CR.a(jo) | DR.a.o | DV.w | JO.a | LK | WN.g.o.w.wp];

Cadmium Scarlet (Genuine) [CR.a(jo) | CH];

Cadmium Vermilion Red;

Cadmium Yellow Deep [MW.o];

Cadmium Yellow Extra Deep [OH.o.w];

Cadmium Yellow Orange [HO.g.w | OH.a.o.w];

Deep Cadmium Red (Genuine) [CH];

Deep True Cadmium Red [PF];

Light True Cadmium Red [PF];

Medium Cadmium Red (Genuine) [CH];

Old Holland Bright Red [OH.w];

Paris Red [MA.o(Ren)];

Pigment Red 108;

Red Cadmium [PF.w];

Red Deep [SE];

Red Light [SE];

Selenium Red;

True Cadmium Red Deep [PF.o];

True Cadmium Red Light [PF.o];

Vermilion (hue) [HO.w | MA.o(Ren)];

Vermilion (cadmium scarlet) [HO];

Vermilion Hue [WNd]

77202

77196

Inorganic;

Cadmium Selenosuphite;

Cadmium Sulfide Selenide;

Cadmium selenide sulfide;

How Cadmium yellow/red is made at webexhibits.org;

Cadmium Sulfide & Cadmium selenide calcined & co-precipitated with barium sulfate. Can only contain up to 15% barium sulfide.

Some brands of cadmium paints may in fact be composed of over 15% Barium even if indicated on the label as pure PR 108 (Reference: A Critical Analysis of Commercial Pigments, by M. Pérez, K. Castro, M.D. Rodríguez2, MA. Olazabal and J.M. Madariaga, University of the Basque Country, Dept. Analytical Chemistry and Dept. Painting).

CdS + CdSe

CAS 58339-34-7

Orange red to deep violet red;

Staining w/ good tinting strength

† Lightens, some paints might have hue shift towards yellower

1

I (ASTM in oil, acry. & WC)

BWS
8;8;8
(Chroma)

BWS
8;8;8
(Guerra)

17-21

B*

MSDS

MSDS

More info on PR 108 in watercolors @ handprint.com

* Grumbacher website Cadmiums are "coprecipated with barium sulfate" (Ref: MSDS Sheet)
. (Ref: Grumbacher Pre-Tested Pigment Info dating around 2010-12)

See below PR-108:1 for more info on cadmium barium pigments, and why it matters.

* Soluble cadmium is strictly kept below 1000 ppm; indicating there is probably low real hazard to humans. Do not breath or inhale dust, Do not eat or drink when working with this pigment.
Do not point up your brush with your mouth. Don't lick the paint off your fingers, use a Gov. cerified soap and water to wash your hands. Danger to the environment is minuscule, but try to get all the paint on the painting, and not on you or your pets.

PR108:1

Cadmium-Barium Red

C.I. Pigment Red 108:1;

Cad-Barium Vermilion;

Cadmium Litho Maroon C.P. [GU.p];

Cadmium Litho Orange Dark {GU.pd]

Cadmium Litho Red Dark [GU.pd];

Cadmium Litho Red Dark Xtra [GU];

Cadmium Litho Red Light [GU.pd];

Cadmium Litho Red Lt (red shade) [GU];

Cadmium Litho Red Medium [GU.pd];

Cadmium Litho Red Medium Light [GU.pd];

Cadmium Litho Red Medium Light Xtra [GU];

Cadmium Litho Scarlet Xtra (yellow shade) [GU];

Cadmium Lithopone Red;

Cadmium Maroon LITHO [GU.pd];

Cadmium Maroon LITHO (violet shade) [GU];

Cadmium Orange (hue*) [ROSS.o];

Cadmium Red (hue*) [DSd];

Cadmium Red Dark (hue*) [CL];

Cadmium Red Dark LITHO (blue shade) [GU];

Cadmium Red Dark Xtra LITHO (blue shade) [GU];

Cadmium Red Deep (hue*) [BR | SV];

Cadmium Red Extra Scarlet (hue*);

Cadmium Red Light (hue*) [BR | BA.a | ROSS.o];

Cadmium Lithopone Red ;

Cadmium red light LITHO (orange shade) [GU];

Cadmium red light LITHO (yellow shade) [GU];

Cadmium Red Medium (hue*) [BR | CL | BA.a | DSd | ROSS.o];

Cadmium Red Medium Light Xtra LITHO (blue shade) [GU];

Cadmium Red No. 1, light (hue*) [KP.p];

Cadmium Red No. 2, medium (hue*) [KP.p];

Cadmium Red No. 3, dark (hue*) [KP.p];

Cadmium Red No. 4, bluish purple (hue*) [KP.p];

Cadmium Red Extra Scarlet (hue*);

Cadmium Red Light (hue*) [BR | CL];

Cadmium Red Scarlet (hue*) [DSd];

Lithopone Red;

Pigment Red 108:1

77202:1

Inorganic;

Cadmium Barium Selenosuphite;

Cadmium Barium Sulfoselenide;

Cadmium sulphoselenide;

Cadmium Sulfide & Cadmium selenide, calcined and co-precipitated with up to 60% barium sulphate.

Orange to deep red

1

I (ASTM in oil, acry. & WC)

BWS
8;8;7
(Guerra)

BWS
8;8;8
(Guerra)

17-21

B

* Cheaper, Slightly less saturated and slightly less tinting strength as pure PR108.

Cadmium Barium compounds can be as much as 58.5% barium sulphate. (Ref: Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopedia, By Rutherford John Gettens, George Leslie Stout)

?* See PR108 above

PR109

Purple of Cassius

Cassius;

Cassius's Purple;

C.I. Pigment Red 109;

Famille Rose;

Nuetral Tint* (Mix) [SE.a]

Pigment Red 109;

Pink Gold;

Purple Gold;

Purple of Cassius

77482

Inorganic;

Hydrated double stanate of Gold;

Aurous stannate;

Gold Nanoparticles (Ref);

CAS 1345-24-0

Violet red;

Staining w/ high tinting strength

-

1

-

A

used in painting, staining porcelain and glass and is used to make "Ruby Glass";

Powerful and staining with a high tinting strength.;

Not used much in artist paints because of the expense.

the color is made by precipitating small quantities of gold in a tin chloride solution. (see PR109 Ref. @ Blick Art Materials); also see (Ref. from The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe by Sarah Lowengard);

Andreas Cassius as inventor disproved (Ref);

Interestingly it is spontaneously Showing up on electronic circuit boards, probably because of gold plating and tinning used. (Ref. emeraldinsight.com) also possibly on cheap gold plated jewelry (Ref. finishing.com)

* a convenience mixture of
PB60—Indanthrene Blue
PBk7—Lamp Black
PR109—Purple of Cassius
I usually don't list mixed pigment paints here, but it is included here because it appears to be the only source of this pigment used in commercail artist paints. Could this be a typo?

PR112

Naphthol Red AS-D

Alizarine Crimson light¹ (hue) [KP.p];

Antique Deep Red [HO.w(ant)];

Azo Red Medium [RT];

BON Arylamide Red;

Bright Red [LA.a];

Brilliant Red [MA];

Cadmium Red Deep Hue [LK];

Cadmium Red Hue [DR.a.a(s3hb).a(s3mb).o | MR.o | LK | WN.a.a];

Cadmium Red (Hue);

C.I. Pigment Red 112;

Fanchon Red [WL.o.p];

FAST Red FGR;

Geranium Lake [LK];

Grumbacher Red [GR.o.o];

Grumbacher Red (Naphthol) [GR.o.wo];

Grumbacher Red (Naphthol Red) [GR.o];

Naphthal;

Naphthol Bordeaux;

Naphthol Carbamide;

Naphthol Carmine;

Naphthol Red [GEN | CAS.k | DV.a.k | GB.o.o | KA | MG.a.g.o.w | SCH.p];

Naphthol Red Light [GO.a.ab.af.ag.ao | OH.a | SQ.a | TA.a.af | UT.a | WN.a.o.w];

Naphthol Red Medium [RGH.o.p | RT.a];

Naphthol Scarlet [DS.o];

Naphthol Vermillion [GU.pd | MR.o];

Naphthol Red [KA.ad];

Naphthol;

Oriental Red [LB.av];

Permanent Carmine;

Permanent Red [GU |HO.w];

Permanent Red FGR;

Pigment Red 112;

Proprietary Red (Naphthol AS-D) [GRd];

Rebel Red [MA.o(HD);

Red Permanent [MW.wo];

Scarlet [MA.g];

Scarlet Red [SCH];

Scheveningen Red Light [OH.o.w];

Scheveningen Red Medium [OH.o.w];

Spectrum Red [AS];

Studio Light Red [KP.p];

Transparent Naphthol Red Light [GO.ab];

Vermillion (hue) [MR.o | LK];

Vermilion deep (hue) [LK];

Vermilion Hue [MA.a];

Vermilion Red (hue) [SCH.o];

XSL Poppy Red [KP.p]

12370

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo; Naphthol;

C₂₄H₁₆C_l3N₃O₂

CAS 6535-46-2

Intense bright yellowish red

heavy staining w/ very good tinting strength

†Fades, Darkens, Dulls

2-3

II (ASTM II in oil & acry. disp.)

III* (ASMT watercolors)*

BWS
7-8; 6-7; 5
(Guerra)

BWS
7-8; 6
(Lansco)

30

A**

MSDS

MSDS¹

More info on PR 112 in watercolors @ handprint.com

Used in Paints Inks, Plastics & Cosmetics - especially lipstick

* ASTM rated III (fair) in watercolors, other sources rate light fastness as II (very good), fastness to light seems to vary from different suppliers. (Ref. Handprint.com)

** The dry pigment Naphthol Red AS-D may cause eye, skin, or respiratory irritation, wear a NIOSH certified dust mask when working with the dry pigment.

PR113

Mercadium Red

Langdomer Red Cadmium;

Cadmium Mercury Red;

Cadmium Vermilion Red;

Chinese Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 113;

French Red;

Mercadium maroon CP [GU.pd];

Mercadium Red;

Mercadmium Red;

Mercadium Red Light C.P. [GU.pd];

Mercadium red light CP (orange shade);

Mercadium Red Maroon [RGHd];

Pigment Red 113

77201

Cadmium sulfide-mercuric sulfide;

Calcined co-precipitated of Cadmium sulfide and Mercuric sulfide. The greater the mercuric sulfide content the deeper and redder the hue. (Ref Color index 3rd Ed., V.4, Inorganic colorants CI 77201)

CAS 1345-09-1

Rich Mid to Deep Bordeaux;

Med. tinting strenght

1

I (ASMT in oil & Acry. Disp., NR in WC)

BWS
8;8;8
(Guerra)

L

D*

* contains Mercury and Cadmium

PR113:1

Mercadium Lithopone Red

Cadmium Mercury Lithopone Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 113:1;

Chinese Red;

French Red;

Mercadium Lithopone Red;

Pigment Red 113:1

77201:1

Cadmium sulfide-mercuric sulfide co-precipitated on Barium Sulfate

Deep Bordeaux;

Less tinting strength than PR-113

1

I (ASMT in oil & Acry. Disp., NR in WC)

L

D*

Similar but cheaper and slightly less saturated than PR113;

Cadmium-Barium pigments can be up to almost 60% barium sulphate. (Ref: Painting Materials,) A Short Encyclopedia, By Rutherford John Gettens, George Leslie Stout);

* contains Mercury, Cadmium & Barium

PR114

Pigment Red 114

C.I. Pigment Red 114;

Fast Carmine BS;

Pigment Red 114;

Pollux Pink

12351

Monoazo;

CAS 6358-47-0

Bluish red

4

-

-

A

-

PR119

Naphthol Red FG

C.I. Pigment Red 119;

Helio Fast Red FG;

Naphthol Red FG;

Pigment Red 119

12469

Synthetic Organic;

Monoazo; 3-hydroxy-2-Naphthanilide

Naphthol;

C33-H27-N3-O8-S

CAS 72066-77-4,
61968-80-7

Bright yellowish red

-

I (ASTM, O, AD & WC)

-

A

-

PR120

Naphthol Red MEG-DR

C.I. Pigment Red 120;

Pigment Red 120;

Tangerine

-

Monoazo;

Naphthol

Light orange pink

4

-

-

A

-

PR121

Tin Violet

Chromate of stannic oxide;

Chromium Stannate;

Chromium Tin Oxide;

C.I. Pigment Red 121;

Mineral Lake;

Pigment Red 121;

Stannic chromate;

Tin Chromate;

Tin Violet

77302;

77870?

Chromium stannate;

Tin Chromate prepared by the fusion of Tin(IV) Oxide and Chromium Oxide

Dull reddish purple or bordeaux

I

I

-

B

-

PR122

Quinacridone Magenta

ACRA Magenta [LQ.a];

Acra Red;

ACRA Violet [LQ.a];

Antique Deep Red [HO];

Brilliant Magenta;

Brilliant Red Violet;

C.I. Pigment Red 122;

Crimson Lake;

Fragonard Pink [PF.o];

Gamma Quinacridone;

Gamma Quinacridone Magenta;

Intense Pink [UT.w];

Madder Lake Pink (hue) [SE.os];

Magenta [BA.w | MR.o | MT | MH.o | MW.wo | OH.o.w | SCH | WN.wo];

Magenta (Primary) [LK];

Magenta Red (Primary) [LK];

Magenta Light [TA.a];

Magenta Moyen [LB.o];

Magenta Quinacridone [DV.a.k | MA.p];

Old Holland Magenta [OH.o.w];

Opera Pink [DS];

Opera Rose [WN.w.wp.wp(L)];

Opus (Vivid Pink) [DV.w];

Permanent Alizarin Crimson [HO.w];

Permanent Magenta [DR.o | LA.a | WN.w.wp.];

Permanent Purple [SCH];

Permanent Rose [DR.a.w | LK];

Permanent Violet [LB.av.o];

Pigment Red 122;

Pigment Red E;

Pink;

Primary Magenta [HO.g];

Primary Red - Magenta [MA.a.g.o];

Process Magenta [DR];

Provence Rose Lake [MA.o(Med)];

Purple Magenta [SCH.g.w];

Quindo Magenta;

Quindo® Red [KP.p];

Quinacridone Deep Purple [DR.a];

Quinacridone Fuschia [CH | OH.a | SE.a];

Quinacridone Magenta [GEN | BX.w | CAS.k | CR.ao.o | BA.a .o | DR.w | DS.a.o | DV.af | GB.o.o | GO.a.ab.af.ag.ao | HO.w | KA.ad.o.p | LQ.a | SQ.a | TA.a.af | SCH.a.p | SE.o | SI.p | UT.w | WL.o.p | WN.g.o.w.wp.];

Quinacridone Magenta (Rose Violet) [HO.w];

Quinacridone Pink Magenta [GU];

Quinacridone Pink [PF];

Quinacridone Purple [SE.w];

Quinecridone Red [GEN | SE.p];

Quinacridone Rose Deep [LA.a];

Quinacridone Violet [BA.a | MA.a.o(artis) | WN.a.o.w];

Raspberry;

Rose de Quinecridone [LB.o];

Rose Madder (hue) [HO];

Rose Madder (Quinecridone) [DR.o.];

Rose Red [SV];

Rose Violet [HO.a.ag.g.w.wo];

Rose Violet Transparent [HO.o];

Ruby Madder (hue) [PF.w];

Ruby Red [SCH.o];

Studio Pink [KP.p];

Thalo Red Rose;

Thio Violet [GR.a.o.o.wo];

Thio™ Violet [GR.a.o.o.wo];

Translucent Magenta [SCH.o(Mus)];

Trans Magenta [CR | JO.a];

Transparent Magenta [CR.a(jo) | JO.a];

Transparent Rose [HO.o];

Verzino Violet [MA.o.w];

Vivid Pink [PF.o];

73915

Quinacridone;

CAS 980-26-7;

CAS 16043-40-6

Clean Bright blue shade light red

†Dulls slightly, Hue shift towards light mid red

2-4

I (ASTM oil & acryl.,2003)

III (ASTM WC 1999)**

BWS
8;8;8
(Chroma)

BWS
8;8;8
(guerra paint)

BWS (Trans.)
7-8; 7-8; 7-8
(Clariant)

40-97

B**

MSDS

MSDS

There are transparent types of Quinacridone Red, mostly used for automotive finishes, and opaque forms of PR122 widely used in exterior paints as a blue shade red (Ref at Paint & Coatings Industry Magazine, article "Evaluation of Various Organic Color Pigments"January 1, 2010 ). From my experience the transparent types are more often used in artist's paints, but some paint makers may use the opaque versions.

Quinacridone Magenta / Red (PR 122 & PR 202) more Information with watercolor swatches, brand comparisons & mixing info @ In Liquid Color, Youtube Channel

** ASTM rated III (fair) in watercolors, but rated Excellent (I) light fastness in tests of popular water color brands, at handprint. see PR-122 by Bruce MacEvoy @ handprint.com

PR123

Perylene Scarlet

C.I. Pigment Red 123;

Kayaset Red E-B;

Perylene Scarlet [GU.pd];

Perylene Vermilion;

Pigment Red 123;

Vermillion (hue)

711450

Perylene;

CAS 24108-89-2

Deep red; yellow under shade

2

II (NR)

BWS
7;7;6
(guerra paint)

45-50

A

-

PR139

Chromophal BR

Chromophal GR [GU];

Chromophal Red;

C.I. Pigment Red 139;

Pigment Red 139

-

Disazo condensation;

CAS 12262-44-21

Bright red yellow undertone

2-3

|

BWS
8;7;7
(Guerra paint)

-

A

-

PR144

Azo Condensation Red

Azo Condensation Red;

Azo Red [KA.p];

Chromophal BR [GU.pd];

C.I. Pigment Red 144;

CPT - Red [KP.p];

Gafast Pigment Red 144;

Pigment Red 144;

Red Chromophal R BRN;

Rose [HO.wo];

Rose Dore[HO.wo];

Transparent Vermilion [HO.o]

20735

200595?

Disazo Condensation;

Gafast Pigment Red 144 (Tech Data Sheet PDF);

CAS 5280-78-4

Mid-shade red;

med. tinting strength

3-4

I-II (NR)

BWS
8;7;7
(Guerra paint)

65-70

A

MSDS

-

PR146

Naphthol Red AS

Cadmium Red Hue [MA.g];

Carmine (hue) [LK];

Carmine Deep (hue) [SE.o];

Chapel Rose [HO.a];

C.I. Pigment Red 146;

Naphthol Red;

Naphthol Red AS [CL];

Permanent Carmine [CL];

Permanent Pink;

Permanent Red FBB;

Pigment Red 146

Primary Red - Magenta [MA]

12485

Monoazo; Naphthol;

CAS 226-103-2

Bluish shade red

4

II-III

50

A

MSDS

-

PR147

Toluidine Red

Carmine (hue);

C.I. Pigment Red 147;

Pigment Red 147

Toluidine;

CAS 68227-78-1

PR148

Permanent Carmine

C.I. Pigment Red 148;

Permanent Carmine [RGH.o.p];

Permanent Red 2 G;

Pigment Red 148;

Naphthol carmine

-

Monoazo